2017 - DERMAGIC EXPRESS / Dermatologia y Bibliografia - Dermatology & bibliography DERMAGIC EXPRESS / Dermatologia y Bibliografia - Dermatology & bibliography: 2017

jueves, 28 de diciembre de 2017

UNDERSTANDIG THE LYME DISEASE, CLASSIFICATION AND CODES II, / LOS CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME II


LYME DISEASE, CLASSIFICATION AND CODES II.

ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, CLASIFICACION Y CODIGOS II.

 

 



EDITORIAL ENGLISH 
==================
Hello friends of the network I hope that very well,  this Christmas DERMAGIC EXPRESS brings you the second chapter of THE CODES OF LYME DISEASE. In the previous review I said that some details were missing that I was going to clarify in another edition that I am preparing and that was titled LYME, SYPHILIS AND LEPROSY, THE MISSING LINK, but I knew that the CLASSIFICATION AND CODES OF LYME were INCOMPLETE, and today  I will put here.

I had said that CODES at the DIGITAL or SOFTWARE level are based on a classification and that this is done in terms of the clinical presentation of the disease and REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS and SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS; and that the World Health Organization (WHO) is TOTALLY out of date regarding this and THEREFORE there is not enough coverage of the LYME DISEASE AND ITS MULTIPLE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, COMPLICATIONS and SYMPTOMS derived from the permanence of the SPIROCHETE BORRELIA In the body, the bases that support these facts are:

1.) DIFFICULTY TO MAKE THE DIAGNOSIS:
2.) RESISTANCE TO CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT:
3.) THE LACK OF MODERNIZATION OF THE CODES FOR THE LYME DISEASE.

And today I bring you other BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES that would complete a CLASSIFICATION that in my view would FULLY ENLARGE assistance to THOUSANDS OF PATIENTS carrying LYME that simply do not "APPEAR IN THE SYSTEM" because the CODES do not exist. Today I add a 4th and 5th aspect:

4.) LYME DISEASE AND HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS: (HLA)
===================================================
It is noteworthy in these data that today I will place, that the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY SYSTEM (HLA) is HIGHLY involved in the LYME DISEASE, specifically the patients carrying the HLA DR molecules, it is even said that the presence of these molecules or ALLELES are involved in the pathogenicity of this disease and the triggering of AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. In fact, there are studies showing the RESISTANCE TO SOME ANTIBIOTICS in relation to these HLA molecules.

There are HLA molecules that confer RESISTANCE TO THE DISEASE and OTHERS SUSCEPTIBILITY to the treatment, this would facilitate even more the behavior to follow with the patients; and I finish with this:

"... ALL PATIENT CARRIER OF LYME HAS TO HAVE A STUDY OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY (HLA) ANTIGENS ..."

5.) LYME DISEASE AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
===============================================
It is well known that the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI and its multiple SPECIES in the terrestrial globe, ARE DIFFERENT AS TO GEOGRAPHY, both in EUROPE and AMERICA. Well, I also tell you that there are studies showing that THE SPECIES OF BORRELIA in some ZONES such as EUROPE are sensitive to certain antibiotics, which in other areas of the continent show resistance, so that the GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND SPECIES OF THE BORRELIA SPIROCHETE must be included in THE CODES.

6.) LYME DISEASE AND OPTICAL MICROSCOPY:
==========================================
The BORRELIA is an SPIROCHETE like the SYPHILIS, and the METHOD STANDART to detect the SYPHILIS IS OPTICAL MICROSCOPY, "DARK FIELD", then appeared other more sophisticated methods such as the VDRL and others. In the case of the BORRELIA, in the year 2.013 the professors LAANE and MYSTERUD, invented a simple method based on the fact that the BORRELIA, like the SYPHILIS TREPONEMA, could be "DETECTED" by means of a SIMPLE OPTICAL MICROSCOPE and that's how it was. They published the work (ref. 320), but were later discredited and dismissed by the scientific society including the CDC, claiming that the most effective methods were the laboratory ones, and today YET, many of the tests for LYME are negative and the BORRELIA "NAVIGATE" in the blood of patients. There I leave you the photo of BORRELIA AND BIOFILM and Professor LAANE.

If you read the previous review the CLASSIFICATION had been in the point No. 15: and here I put the continuation, it is important that you read the previous revision so that you can understand: THE CODES OF THE LYME DISEASE. CLICK here


15.) LYME LATENT DISEASE: UNSPECIFIED SYMPTOMS.

A.) INFECTION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
B.) HERPES SIMPLEX TYPE 1.
C.) DISEASES BY SPIROCHETES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

--- CONTINUATION--

16.) LYME DISEASE LATE STAGE: SYNDROME POST  TREATMENT (PTLDS):

A.) FATIGUE.
B.) ARTHRALGIA.
C.) FIBROMYALGIA, MYALGIA.
D.) RADICULAR PAIN.
E.) MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN.
F.) COGNITIVE DYSFUNTICON:

- DECREASED MEMORY.
-  CONCETRATION PROBLEMS.

G.) PSYCHIATRICS CONDITIONS:

- DEPRESSION.
- SUICIDAL IDEATION.
- DEMENTIA.

H.) FACIAL PALSY.
I.) AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS.

17.) LYME DISEASE ASSOCIATED TO OTHER DISEASES:

A.) MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.
B.) PARKINSON.
C.) AUTOINMMUNE DISORDERS:
 
- REUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
- PSORIRIATIC ARTHRITIS.
- PERIPHERAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS.
- POLYARTHRITIS.

18.) LYME DISEASE AND HLA (MAJOR SYSTEM OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY) TRIGGER OTHER DISEASES:

A.) LYME ARTHRITIS: HLA-DRB1, (DRB1*0401, 0101, 0404, 0405, DRB5*0101, DRB1*0402, and 0102), DR11, DR4

19.) LYME DISEASE AND HLA DRB ANTIGENS (MAJOR SYSTEM OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY)  IS A MARKER FOR ANTIBIOTIC- REFRACTORY TRATMENT- and migth play a role in the pathogenesis os the disease.

A.) LYME ARTHRITIS.

20.) LYME DISEASE GEOGRAPHIC DISYTIBUTIONS,  SPECIES OF BORRELIA LEADS TO ANTIBIOTICS SUSCESPTIBILITY.

A.) EUROPEAN LYME NEUROBORRELIOSIS: SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DOXYCYCLINE, PENICILLIN G, CEFTRIAXONE AND CEFOTAXIME.

21.) LYME DISEASE EARLY AND DELAYED JARISCH -HERXHEIMER REACCTION TO ANTIBIOTICS

A.) AMOXICILIN.
B.) DOXYCYCLINE.
C.) CEFTRIAXONE

22.) LYME DISEASE, SECUNDARY OR LATE STAGE: RESISTANT TO ANTIBIOTICS, 

A.) DOXYCYCLINE.
B.) MINOCYCLINE.
C.) CEFTRIAXONE.
D.) AMOXICILIN.
E.) MITOMYCIN C.
F.) CEFUROXIME.
G.)  DOXORUBICIN.

23.) LYME DISEASE AND NATURIST HERBS: oregano, cinnamon bark, and clove improve the disease.

24.) LYME DISEASE SUSCEPIBILITY TO COMBINED ANTIBIOTICS:

A.) DAPSONE + MINOCYCLINE+ CEFUROXIME+ AZYTHROMYCIN
B.) DAPSONE + MINOCYCLINE+ CEFUROXIME+ RIFAMPICIN
C.) DAPTOMYCIN + DOXYCYCLINE+ CEFUROXIME
D.) DAUNOMYCIN + DOXYCYLINE + CEFUROXIME
E.) DAPTOMYCIN+ CEFOPERAZONE+ DOXYCYCLINE.
F.) DAPTOMYCIN+ DOXYCYCLINE+ CLOFAZIMINE
G.) DATPOMICYN + (CEFOPERAZONE OR CARBENICILLIN)+ CLOFAZIMINE

I will remind you that the options DAPSONE + MINOCYCLINE + RIFAMPICIN and DAPSONE + CLOFAZIMINE + RIFAMPICIN are today classic treatments used in LEPROSY for more than 60 years and through which they have managed to reduce the incidence of this disease in the world today.

Practically the arrival of this TRIAD = DAPSONE + RIFAMPICIN + CLOFAZIMINE, in the 40s -50s years was the one who decreed the FINAL CLOSURE of the LEPROSERIES in the WORLD, read the stories here:

       - THE LEPROSY IN CAPE WHITE. Clik Here
       - LEPROSY ON THE ISLAND OF PROVIDENCIA. Click here 

And as I told you before, do not miss the next issue of LYME, SYPHILIS AND LEPROSY, THE MISSING LINK.

Finally, I would like all the organizations and communities that fight against the LYME DISEASE, to send this CLASSIFICATION, CODES and BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES to the World Health Organization (WHO), so that they can be updated regarding the serious problem that this disease represents in all the PLANET and that has been neglected for being aware of other health problems, much smaller, thinking perhaps that everything related to the word LYME, is an optical illusion that blinds them to such a severe problem. 

Greetings to all.

Dr Jose Lapenta

"... Dedicated to all those LYME CARRIERS that society has forgotten ...or are in the oblivion..."

EDITORIAL ESPAÑOL
==================
Hola amigos de la red espero que muy bien en estas Navidades DERMAGIC EXPRESS les trae el segundo capítulo de LOS CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME. En La revisión previa dije que faltaban algunos detalles que iba a aclarar en otra edición que ya estoy preparando y que se titulara LYME, SIFILIS Y LEPRA, EL ESLABON PERDIDO, pero sabía que la CLASIFICACION Y LOS CODIGOS DE LYME estaban INCOMPLETOS, y hoy te los pongo acá.

Había dicho que los CODIGOS a nivel DIGITAL o SOFTWARE están basados en una clasificación y que esta se hace en cuanto a la presentación clínica de la enfermedad y LOS REPORTES, PUBLICACIONES e INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS; y que la Organización Mundial de La Salud (OMS) , está TOTALMENTE desactualizada en cuanto a ello y POR LO TANTO no hay la suficiente cobertura de la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME Y SUS MULTIPLES MANIFESTACIONES CLINICAS, COMPLICACIONES y SINTOMAS derivados DE LA permanencia de la ESPIROQUETA BORRELIA en el cuerpo, las bases que sostienen estos hechos son:

1.) DIFICULTAD PARA HACER EL DIAGNOSTICO:
2.) RESISTENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO CONVENCIONAL:
3.) LA FALTA DE MODERNIZACION DE LOS CODIGOS PARA LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME.
 


Y hoy te traigo otras REFRENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS que completarían una CLASIFICACION que a mi modo de ver AMPLIARIA TOTALMENTE la asistencia a MILES DE PACIENTES portadores de LYME que simplemente no "APARECEN EN EL SISTEMA" pues los CODIGOS no existen. Hoy le agrego un 4to y 5to aspecto:

4.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME Y ANTIGENOS DE HISTOCOMPATIBILIDAD: (HLA)
===============================================================
Es de resaltar en estos datos que hoy te voy a colocar que el SISTEMA MAYOR DE HISTOCOMPATIBILIDAD (HLA) está ALTAMENTE involucrado en la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, específicamente los pacientes portadores de las moléculas HLA DR, incluso se habla de que la presencia de estas moléculas o ALELOS están involucrados en la patogenicidad de esta enfermedad y el desencadenamiento de ENFERMEDADES AUTOINMUNES. De hecho hay estudios donde se demuestra LA RESISTENCIA A ALGUNOS ANTIBIOTICOS en relación a estas  moléculas HLA.

Hay moléculas HLA
que confieren RESISTENCIA A LA ENFERMEDAD y OTRAS SUSCEPTIBILIDAD al tratamiento, esto facilitaría aun más la conducta a seguir con los pacientes; y finalizo con esto:

"...TODO PACIENTE PORTADOR DE LYME TIENE QUE TENER UN ESTUDIO DE ANTIGENOS DE HISTOCOMPATIBILIDAD (HLA)..."

5.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME Y DISTRIBUCION GEOGRAFICA:

================================================
Bien es sabido que la BORRELIA BURDORGFERI y sus múltiples ESPECIES en el globo terráqueo, SON DIFERENTES EN CUANTO A LA GEOGRAFIA, tanto en EUROPA como AMERICA. Pues también te digo que hay estudios donde se demuestra que LAS ESPECIES DE BORRELIA en algunas ZONAS como EUROPA son sensibles a determinados antibióticos, donde en otras áreas del continente muestran resistencia, DE MODO que la DISTRIBUCION GEOGRAFICA Y ESPECIES DE LA ESPIROQUETA BORRELIA deben FIGURAR EN LOS CODIGOS.

6.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME Y MICROSCOPIA OPTICA:

============================================
La BORRELIA  es una ESPIROQUETA al igual que la SIFILIS, y el METODO ESTANDART para detectar la SIFILIS ES LA MICROSCOPIA OPTICA, "CAMPO OSCURO", luego aparecieron otros métodos más sofisticados como el VDRL y otros más. En el caso de la BORRELIA, en el año 2.013 los profesores LAANE y MYSTERUD, idearon un método sencillo basado en el hecho de que la BORRELIA al igual que la SIFILIS, TREPONEMA podía "DETECTARSE" por medio de una SIMPLE MICROSCOPIA OPTICA y así fue. Publicaron el trabajo (ref. 320), pero fueron posteriormente desacreditados y desechados por la sociedad científica incluyendo el CDC, alegando que los métodos más eficaces eran los de laboratorio, y hoy día TODAVIA, muchas de las pruebas para LYME dan negativo y la BORRELIA "NAVEGA" en la sangre de los pacientes. Allí les dejo la foto de la BORRELIA Y BIOFILM y el profesor LAANE. 


Si lees la revisión previa la CLASIFICACION había quedado en el punto No. 15: y acá te pongo la continuación, es importante que leas la revisión previa para que puedas entender: LOS CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME.  Click aqui


15.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME LATENTE: SINTOMAS INESPECIFICOS.

A.) INFECCION DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL.
B.) HERPES SIMPLE TIPO 1.
C.) ENFERMEDADES POR ESPIROQUETAS DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL.



- CONTINUACION -
 

16.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, ETAPA TARDIA: SÍNDROME POST TRATAMIENTO (PTLDS): 

A.)  FATIGA.
B.) ARTRALGIA.
C.) FIBROMIALGIA, MIALGIA.
D.)  DOLOR RADICULAR.
E.)  DOLOR MUSCULOESQUELÉTICO.
F.) DISFUNTICON COGNITIVA:
 


- DISMINUCIÓN DE LA MEMORIA
- PROBLEMAS DE CONCENTRACIÓN.
 


G.) CONDICIONES DE PSIQUIATRICAS:

- DEPRESIÓN.
- IDEACIÓN SUICIDA.
- DEMENCIA.
 


H.) PARÁLISIS FACIAL.
I.) TRASTORNOS AUTOINMUNES.
 


17.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME ASOCIADA A OTRAS ENFERMEDADES: 

A.) ESCLEROSIS MÚLTIPLE.
B.) PARKINSON.
C.) TRASTORNOS AUTOINMUNES:
 


- ARTRITIS REUMATOIDE.
-  ARTRITIS PSORIÁTICA.
-  ESPONDILOARTRITIS PERIFÉRICA.
-  POLIARTRITIS.


 18.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME Y HLA (SISTEMA MAYOR DE HISTOCOMPATIBILIDAD) DESENCADENAN OTRAS ENFERMEDADES:

A.) ARTRITIS DE LYME: HLA-DRB1, (DRB1 * 0401, 0101, 0404, 0405, DRB5 * 0101, DRB1 * 0402 y 0102), DR11, DR4

19.) ENFERMEDAD LYME Y LOS ANTÍGENOS HLA DR-B (SISTEMA MAYOR DE HISTOCOMPATIBILIDAD) ES UN MARCADOR PARA TRATAMIENTO ANTIBIÓTICO-REFRACTARIO, y pueden desempeñar un papel en la patogénesis de la enfermedad.

A.) LYME ARTRITIS.


20.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME Y DISTRIBUCION GEOGRÁFICAS DE LAS ESPECIES DE BORRELIA  Y SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A  ANTIBIÓTICOS.

A.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS DE LYME EN EUROPA: SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A LA DOXICICLINA, PENICILINA G, CEFTRIAXONA Y CEFOTAXIMA.

21.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: REACCIÓN DE JARISCH - HERXHEIMER TEMPRANA Y TARDIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS

A.) AMOXICILINA.
B.) DOXICICLINA
C.) CEFTRIAXONA.


22.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, ETAPA SECUNDARIA O TARDÍA: RESISTENTE A LOS ANTIBIÓTICOS,

A.) DOXICICLINA.
B.) MINOCICLINA.
C.) CEFTRIAXONA.
D.) AMOXICILINA.
E.) MITOMICINA C.
F.) CEFUROXIMA.
G.) DOXORUBICINA.


23.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME Y HIERBAS NATURISTAS: el orégano, la corteza de canela y el clavo mejoran la enfermedad. 


24.) ENFERMEDAD LYME  Y SUSCEPTIBILIDAD A  ANTIBIÓTICOS COMBINADOS: 

A.) DAPSONA + MINOCICLINA + CEFUROXIMA + AZYTROMICINA
B.) DAPSONA + MINOCICLINA + CEFUROXIMA + RIFAMPICINA
C.) DAPTOMICINA + DOXICICLINA + CEFUROXIMA
D.) DAUNOMICINA + DOXICICLINA + CEFUROXIMA
E.) DAPTOMICINA + CEFOPERAZONA + DOXICICLINA.
F.) DAPTOMICINA + DOXICICLINA + CLOFAZIMINE
G.) DATPOMICINA + (CEFOPERAZONA O CARBENICILINA) + CLOFAZIMINE

Les voy a recordar que las opciones DAPSONA + MINOCICLINA + RIFAMPICINA y DAPSONA + CLOFAZIMINE + RIFAMPICINA son hoy tratamientos clásicos utilizados en la LEPRA durante más de 60 años y que han logrado reducir la incidencia de esta enfermedad en el mundo hoy día.

Prácticamente la llegada de esta TRIADA= DAPSONA+ RIFAMPICINA+ CLOFAZIMINE, en los años 40-50 fue quien decreto el CIERRE DEFINITIVO  de las LEPROSERIAS en el MUNDO, léase las historias aquí:

              - LA LEPRA EN CABO BLANCO. Click aqui
              - LEPRA EN LA ISLA DE PROVIDENCIA. Click aqui
 


Y como te dije anteriormente no te pierdas la próxima edición LYME, SIFILIS Y LEPRA, EL ESLABON PERDIDO.

Por ultimo quisiera que todas las organizaciones y comunidades que luchan contra LA ENFERMEDA DE LYME, envien esta CLASIFICACION, CODIGOS Y REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS a la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS), para que se actualicen en cuanto al grave problema que representa esta enfermedad en todo el PLANETA y que ha sido descuidada por estar pendientes de otros problemas de salud, mucho menores, pensando quiza que todo lo relacionado con la palabra LYME, es una ilusion optica que les ciega la vista a tan severo problema. 

Saludos a Todos

Dr. José Lapenta

"...Dedicado a todos aquellos PORTADORES DE LYME que la sociedad tiene en el olvido...."

 

=========================================================
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=========================================================

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306.) Serum reactivity against Borrelia burgdorferi OspA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2007 Nov;14(11):1437-41. Epub 2007 Sep 19. [PUBMED] Hsieh YF1, Liu HW, Hsu TC, Wei JC, Shih CM, Krause PJ, Tsay GJ.

307.) HLA type and immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein a in people in
whom arthritis developed after Lyme disease vaccination. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Apr;60(4):1179-86. doi: 10.1002/art.24418.[PUBMED]Ball R1, Shadomy SV, Meyer A, Huber BT, Leffell MS, Zachary A, Belotto M, Hilton E, Bryant-Genevier M, Schriefer ME, Miller FW, Braun MM.

308.) HLA-DR alleles determine responsiveness to Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in a mouse model of self-perpetuating arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Dec;60(12):3831-40. doi: 10.1002/art.25005. [PUBMED] Iliopoulou BP1, Guerau-de-Arellano M, Huber BT.

309.) Antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis is associated with HLA-DR molecules that bind a Borrelia burgdorferi peptide. J Exp Med. 2006 Apr 17;203(4):961-71. Epub 2006 Apr 3. [PUBMED] Steere AC1, Klitz W, Drouin EE, Falk BA, Kwok WW, Nepom GT, Baxter-Lowe LA.

310.) Association of antibiotic treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis with T cell responses to dominant epitopes of outer surface protein A of Borrelia burgdorferi. Arthritis Rheum. 1999 Sep;42(9):1813-22. [PUBMED] Chen J1, Field JA, Glickstein L, Molloy PJ, Huber BT, Steere AC.

311.) Associations of HLA DR and DQ molecules with Lyme borreliosis in Latvian patients. BMC Res Notes. 2012 Aug 14;5:438. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-438. [PUBMED] Kovalchuka L1, Eglite J, Lucenko I, Zalite M, Viksna L, Krumina A.

312.) Immunogenetic Markers Definition in Latvian Patients with Lyme Borreliosis and Lyme Neuroborreliosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Dec 1;13(12). pii: E1194. [PUBMED] Kovalchuka L1, Cvetkova S2, Trofimova J3, Eglite J4, Gintere S5, Lucenko I6, Oczko-Grzesik B7, Viksna L8, Krumina A9,10.

313.) Serological Evidence of Borrelia Burgdorferi Infection in Mexican Patients with Facial Palsy. Rev Invest Clin. 2017 Nov-Dec;69(6):344-348. doi: 10.24875/RIC.17002344. [PUBMED] Gordillo-Pérez G1, García-Juárez I1, Solórzano-Santos F2, Corrales-Zúñiga L3, Muñoz-Hernández O2, Torres-López J1.

314.) Selective Essential Oils from Spice or Culinary Herbs Have High Activity against Stationary Phase and Biofilm Borrelia burgdorferi. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017 Oct 11;4:169. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00169. eCollection 2017. [PUBMED] Feng J1, Zhang S1, Shi W1, Zubcevik N2, Miklossy J3, Zhang Y1.

315.) Eradication of Biofilm-Like Microcolony Structures of Borrelia burgdorferi by Daunomycin and Daptomycin but not Mitomycin C in Combination with Doxycycline and Cefuroxime. Front Microbiol. 2016 Feb 10;7:62. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00062. eCollection 2016. [PUBMED] Feng J1, Weitner M1, Shi W1, Zhang S1, Zhang Y1.

316.) Drug combinations against Borrelia burgdorferi persisters in vitro: eradication achieved by using daptomycin, cefoperazone and doxycycline. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 25;10(3):e0117207. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117207. eCollection 2015. [PUBMED] Feng J1, Auwaerter PG2, Zhang Y1.

317.) Activity of Sulfa Drugs and Their Combinations against Stationary Phase B. burgdorferi In Vitro. Antibiotics (Basel). 2017 Mar 22;6(1). pii: E10. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics6010010. [PUBMED] Feng J1, Zhang S2, Shi W3, Zhang Y4.

318.) Lyme neuroborreliosis and dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;41(4):1087-93. doi: 10.3233/JAD-130446. [PUBMED]Blanc F1, Philippi N1, Cretin B1, Kleitz C2, Berly L2, Jung B1, Kremer S3, Namer IJ4, Sellal F5, Jaulhac B6, de Seze J7.

319.) Distribution and presentation of Lyme borreliosis in Scotland - analysis of data from a national testing laboratory. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2015;45(3):196-200. doi: 10.4997/JRCPE.2015.304. [PUBMED] Mavin S1, Watson EJ, Evans R.

320.) A simple method for the detection of live Borrelia spirochaetes in human blood using classical microscopy techniques. Morten Motzfeldt Laane, Ivar Mysterud. Published 2013. Semantic Sholar. Source: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-simple-method-for-the-detection-of-live-Borrelia-Laane-Mysterud/4f6251e40f196b094905d84e87b8b6fe8d1d1636
 

Suppression of Microscopy for Lyme Diagnostics – Professor Laane


Source:  https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/

 
=====================================================================

 

  Produced by Dr. Jose Lapenta R. Dermatologist

                 Maracay Estado Aragua Venezuela 2.017  

           Telf: 02432327287-02432328571   

 

         

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sábado, 16 de diciembre de 2017

UNDERSTANDING THE LYME DISEASE, CLASSIFICATION AND CODES. / LOS CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME


  LYME DISEASE, CLASSIFICATION AND CODES.

ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, CLASIFICACION Y CODIGOS.












EDITORIAL ENGLISH
=================
Hello friends of the network DERMAGIC brings you today another interesting topic about the very well known ERYTHEMA MIGRANS or LYME DISEASE, transmitted by the bite of a TICK, of the IXODES genus being the causal agent an ESPIROCHETE, well known as BORRELIA BURDORGFERI, described for the first time by WILLY BURGDORFER in the year 1.981, and previously known as LYME ARTHRITIS. Today I bring you THE CODES OF LYME'S DISEASE.

 Currently worldwide LYME DISEASE has become a major public health problem, due to the annual increase in cases, which in the United States amounts to about 380,000, new cases annually 2 times more than breast cancer and 6 times more than AIDS, and beyond this, the lack of modernization of the DISEASE CODES at the SOFTWARE or DIGITAL level
them do not appear currently and they need to be recognized so that patients to be and treated in time.  

The events that I present below they are highly related to this lack of "CODIFICATION" of the LYME DISEASE and its different ways of manifesting itself clinically:
 
1.) DIFFICULTY TO MAKE THE DIAGNOSIS:

===========================================================================
It is well known that some TEST, to diagnose the disease, result in "NEGATIVE" due to the ability of the causative agent, the spirochaete BORRELIA to "hide (BIOFILM) before the diagnostic tests." Many patients with symptoms of different diseases such as MENINGITIS , ARTHRITIS, and RECURRENT FEVER, in late stages it is discovered that they are LYME "POSITIVE" after having multiple tests for the diagnosis, losing a VALUABLE TIME to initiate an adequate treatment, and the worse thing is that the chronic development of these symptoms, impar the quality of life of patients who are unattended because they do not have a SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS.

2.) RESISTANCE TO CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT:

==============================================================================
Another aspect to consider is that BORRELIA and its species over time have developed a "GREAT RESISTANCE" to conventional therapy with the usual antibiotic treatments: MINOCYCLINE, DOXICYCLINE, AMOXICILLIN, CEFUROXIME, and many OTHERS, leading patients to the despair at the occurrence of the codification of the symptoms. LYME DISEASE has FOUR STAGES CLASSICALLY known: INITIAL (I), SECONDARY (II), LATE (III) AND CHRONIC (IV).

3.) THE LACK OF MODERNIZATION OF THE CODES FOR THE LYME DISEASE:

==============================================================================
In this modern and GLOBALIZED world, digitalization and information technology have become essential elements and everything or almost everything HAS A CODE, even DISEASES at the software level, and in the case of LYME DISEASE these must be UPDATED, and this is done based on the EVIDENCE REPORTS, STUDIES AND PUBLICATIONS of the different manifestations of the disease.

Then you will be asking why the LYME DISEASE needs the update of its CODES? If you enter in the World Health Organization (WHO) and look for LYME DISEASE, you will only find TWO (2) mentions in the subject ZOONOSES, transmission by TICKS: LYME DISEASE and RECURRENT FEVER (BORRELIOSIS), and the latest relevant reports  in terms of studies of the disease by WHO date from the years 1,993 and 1,995:

1.) WHO Workshop on Diagnosis and Surveillance of Lyme Borreliosis. Warsaw, Poland, 20-22 June 1995, Ref.: WHO / CDS / VPH / 95.141:
The countries involved were: Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Yugoslavia, France, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Holland, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States.
2.) Report of a WHO Workshop on Lyme Borreliosis. Piestany, Slovak Republic, 6 October 1993, Ref: WHO / CDS / VPH / 93.132:

The countries involved: Germany, Slovakia and the United States. If you read those reports you will notice that they are TOTALLY OUT OF DATE regarding the REALITY of LYME DISEASE today.

And I will always give you the answer.

I will place here more than 270 BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES classified based on the different manifestations of LYME DISEASE or LYME BORRELIOSIS that are sufficient to RECOGNIZE that beyond "LYME DISEASE" AND "RECURRENT FEVER (BORRELIOSIS) there are other manifestations of the BORRELIOSIS that should be CODIFIED, DIGITALIZED, to give a total coverage to the DISEASE and search of its clinical manifestations.

This "ABSENCE" of CODES causes that many patients carrying LYME are not treated ADEQUATELY, because they DO NOT "APPEAR IN THE SYSTEM" with their respective consequences.

Here I ask the INNOCENT question, what happens is "UNKNOWN" or "INTENTIONED"? because to recognize all these IMPLIED CODES means more public spending by the State and the insurance companies.

1.) CONGENITAL LYME DISEASE: Potential infection of the fetus with possibility of death:

- LYME BORRELIOSIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN.
- ERLICHIOSIS AND BORRELIOSIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN.
- THE INFECTIOUS ORIGINS OF STILLBIRTH.
- INTRAUTERINE TRANSMISSION OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IN DOGS.

2.) LYME DISEASE: PRIMARY INFECTION:


- NEWBORN DEAD WOMAN PREGNANT WITH LYME DISEASE.
- LYME BBORRELIOSIS, IMPLICATION FOR THE FETUS.
- FETAL BORRELIOSIS, TEXEMIA OF PREGNANCY AND FETAL DEATH.
- ERITEMA MIGRANS IN PREGNANCY.
- FETAL MATERNAL TRANSMISSION OF LYME DISEASE.
- BORRELIA BURDOGFERI IN NEWBORN.

A.) PRIMARY INFECTION AND ERYTHEMA MIGRANS.


-  PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ERYTHEMA MIGRANS.

B.) PRIMARY SERONEGATIVE INFECTION.


- NEGATIVE ANTIGENS AGAINST BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IN CEREBOSPINAL FLUID IN NEUROLOGIC LYME DISEASE.
- SERONEGATIVE LYME DISEASE.
- SERONEGATIVE CHRONIC RELAPSING  NEUROBORRELIOSIS.

3.) LYME DISEASE, PERSISTENT INFECTION IN SECONDARY AND LATE STAGE

- PERSISTENT INFECTION WITH ANTIBIOTICS DOXYCYLINE AND AMOXICILLIN.
- ISOLATION OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI FROM OCULAR IRIS.
- SURVIVAL OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI AFTER THERAPY WITH ANTIBIOTIC.

4.) LYME DISEASE, PERSISTENT INFECTION IN SECONDARY AND LATE STAGE:

A.) CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS:

- BORRELIAL LYMPHOCYTOMA  (BL).
- ACRODERMATITIS ATROPHICANS.
- ANNULARE GRANULOMA.
- MORPHEA.
- LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA.
- LICHEN SCLEROSUS AND ATROPHICUS.

B.) OTHER CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS:

- BENIGN LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION OF JESSNER KANOF.
- INFANTILE ACRODERMATITIS OF GIANOTTI-CROSTI.
- ATYPICAL ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME.
- URTICARIAL VASCULITIS.

5.) LYME DISEASE OF SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES:


- ASSOCIATION OF LYME DISEASE WITH MORGELLONS DISEASE.
- DIFUSSE ALOPECIA.
- SCLERODERMA IN CUP  DE SABRE.
- PSEUDOPELADE OF BROCQ.

6.) LYME DISEASE AND OTHER LESIONS:


- ANETODERMA.
- PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ERYTHEMA MIGRANS IN CHILDREN.

7.) LYME DISEASE LATE STAGE: MENINGITIS, OCULOPATHY, IRIDOCYCLITIS, IRITIS,UVEITIS.

 
A.) LYME MENINGITIS.
B.) LYME OCULOPATHY.
C.) LYME IRIDOCYCLITIS, IRITIS AND UVEITIS.


8.) LYME DISEASE SECONDARY AND LATE STAGE: NEPHRITIS, HEPATITIS, LYMPHADENOPATHY, MYOSITIS AND OTHER.

A.) LYME NEPHRITIS.
B.) LYME HEPATITIS.
C.) LYME LYMPHADENOPATHY.
D.) LYME MYOSITIS.
E.) OTHER CONDITIONS:


- PERPLEXING  SYMPTOMS.
- PANCYTOPENIA.
- EYE SYMPTOMS.

9.) .) LYME DISEASE LATE STAGE AND CARDIOVASCULARY DISEASE.

A.) AORTIC ANEURYSM.
B.) ANEURYSM OF CORONARY ARTERIES.
C.) LATE ENDOCARDITIS.
D.) CARDITIS.
E.) ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.


10.) LYME DISEASE LATE STAGE, NEURO-BORRELIOSIS, NEURITIS OR NEUROPATHY, MENINGOVASCULAR, NB WITH CEREBRAL INFARCTS, LYME PARKINSONISM, LYME ENCEPHALITIS.

 
A.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) LATE SYMPTOMS.
B.) NEURITIS OR LATE NEUROPATHY.
C.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) MENINGOVASCULAR WITH CEREBRAL INFARCTS.
D.) INTRACRANEAL ANEURYSM.
E.) PARKINSONISM.
F.) LATE ENCEPHALITIS.
G.) STROKE DUE TO NEUROBORRELIOSIS.
H.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) UNSPECIFIC SYMPTOMS:


- LATE LYME DISEASE (NEUROBORRELIOSIS: COMPARISON AND EVIDENCE OF THE SPIROCHETES AND LATE NEUROSYPHILIS.
- EVIDENCE BETWEEN THE INFECTION OF SPIROCHETES AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

11.) LYME DISEASE: NEUROBORRELIOSIS, LATE LYME MENINGOENCEPHALITIS OR MENINGOMYELOENCEPHALITIS.

 
12.) LYME DISEASE LATE STAGE: ATROPHIC FORM OF MENINGOENCEPHALITIS WITH DEMENTIA, SUBACUTE PRESENILE  DEMENTIA AND NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS.


13.) LYME DISEASE: LATE STAGE: BONE, JOINT AND MUSCULOSKELETAL MANIFESTATIONS

14.) LYME DISEASE, LATE STAGE: OCULOPATHY, LIVER, KIDNEY AND RESPIRATORY MANIFESTATIONS.


A.) OCULOPATHY.
B.) LIVER AND OTHER VISCERAS.
C.) KIDNEY AND URETER.
D.) BRONCHIA AND LUNGS.

 
15.) LYME DISEASE, LATENT STAGE, UNESPICIFIED

A.) INFECTION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
B.) SIMPLE HERPES TYPE 1.
C.) DISEASES BY SPIROCHETES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
 


This CLASSIFICATION that you have just read is a summary of the 280 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFRENCES that I describe below which you can find in the best scientific DATABASES such as PUBMED, MEDSCAPE, LILACS etc, if you have some doubt COPY and PASTE of any of them, put it in your browser and you will get the EXACT information on the mentioned DATABASES.

As you can see, there are enough EVIDENCES, to UPDATE the CODES OF LYME DISEASE in all the DATABASES systems of the PLANET, to give a TOTAL coverage to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease that in my particular way of seeing is becoming the NEW PLAGUE OF THE 21ST CENTURY.


Read here the second chapter of:



But this does not end here, suddenly you think that some details are missing, some or several questions, which I will explain in the 

NEXT EDITION: LYME'S DISEASE, SYPHILIS AND LEPROSY, THE MISSING LINK.  

DO NOT MISS IT !!!

In the references the facts ...

Greetings to all

Dr. José Lapenta



EDITORIAL ESPAÑOL
=================

Hola amigos de la red DERMAGIC te trae hoy otro tema interesante sobre la muy bien conocida ERITEMA MIGRANS o ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, transmitida por la picadura de una GARRAPATA, del genero IXODES siendo el agente causal una ESPIROQUETA, bien conocida como BORRELIA BURDORGFERI, descrita por primera vez por WILLY BURGDORFER en el año 1.981,  y previamente conocida como ARTRITIS DE LYME. Hoy te traigo LOS CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME.

 Actualmente  a nivel mundial la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME se ha convertido en un gran problema de salud pública, debido al aumento anual de los casos, que en los Estados unidos asciende a unos 380.000, casos nuevos anuales, 2 veces más que el cáncer  de mama y 6 veces más que el SIDA, y mas allá de esto, la falta de modernización de los CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD a nivel de SOFTWARE o DIGITAL, Estos no aparecen actualmente y deben ser reconocidos para que los pacientes puedan ser tratadosr a tiempo.

Los eventos que presento a continuación están altamente relacionados con esta falta de "CODIFICACIÓN" de la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME y sus diferentes formas de manifestarse clínicamente:


1.) DIFICULTAD PARA HACER EL DIAGNOSTICO:
=======================================
Ya bien es conocido que algunos TEST, para diagnosticar la enfermedad dan como resultado "NEGATIVO" por la habilidad que tiene el agente causal, la espiroqueta BORRELIA de "esconderse (BIOFILM) ante las pruebas diagnosticas. Muchos pacientes con síntomas de diferentes enfermedades como MENINGITIS, ARTRITIS, y  FIEBRE RECURRENTE, en etapas tardías se descubre que son LYME "POSITIVOS" luego de hacerse múltiples pruebas para el diagnostico, perdiéndose un TIEMPO VALIOSO para iniciar un tratamiento adecuado, y lo peor es que el desarrollo crónico de estos síntomas, daa la calidad de vida de los pacientes que son desasistidos por no tener UN DIAGNOSTICO ESPECIFICO.

2.) RESISTENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO CONVENCIONAL:
============================================
Otro de los aspectos a considerar es que la BORRELIA  y sus especies con el tiempo han desarrollado una "GRAN RESISTENCIA" a la terapia convencional con los consabidos tratamientos antibióticos: MINOCICLINA, DOXICICLINA, AMOXICILINA, CEFUROXIMA, y OTROS, llevando a los pacientes a la desesperación al producirse la cronificación de los síntomas.  La ENFERMEDAD DE LYME tiene CUATRO ETAPAS CLASICAMENTE conocidas: INICIAL (I), SECUNDARIA (II), TARDIA (III) Y CRONICA (IV).

3.) LA FALTA DE MODERNIZACION DE LOS CODIGOS PARA LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME:
=====================================================================
En este mundo moderno y GLOBALIZADO, la digitalización y la informática se han convertido en elementos esenciales y todo o casi todo TIENE UN CODIGO, aun las ENFERMEDADES a nivel de software, y en el caso de la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME estos deben ser ACTUALIZADOS, y esto se hace en base a las EVIDENCIAS REPORTES, ESTUDIOS Y PUBLICACIONES de las distintas manifestaciones de la enfermedad.

Entonces te estarás preguntando porque la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME necesita la actualización de sus CODIGOS? Si tú te metes en la Organización Mundial de La Salud (WHO) y buscas LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, solo encontraras DOS (2) menciones en el tema ZOONOSIS, transmisión por GARRAPATAS: LYME DISEASE y FIEBRE RECURRENTE (BORRELIOSIS), y los últimos reportes relevantes en cuanto a  estudios de la enfermedad por la OMS  datan de los años 1.993 y 1.995:

1.) WHO Workshop on Lyme Borreliosis Diagnosis and Surveillance. Warsaw, Poland, 20-22 June 1995, Ref: WHO/CDS/VPH/95.141:

Los países involucrados fueron: Austria, Bulgaria, Republica Checa, Dinamarca, Yugoslavia, Francia, Hungría, Irlanda, Japón< Holanda, Polonia, Rusia, Suecia, Suiza, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos.

2.) Report of a WHO Workshop on Lyme Borreliosis. Piestany, Slovak Republic, 6 October 1993, Ref: WHO/CDS/VPH/93.132:

Los países involucrados: Alemania, Eslovaquia y Estados Unidos. Si te lees esos reportes podrás notar que están TOTALMENTE DESACTUALIZADOS en cuanto a la REALIDAD de la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME hoy día.

 Y yo como siempre te voy a dar la respuesta:

Te voy a colocar acá mas de 270 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS clasificadas en base a las distintas manifestaciones de LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME o LYME BORRELIOSIS que son suficientes para RECONOCER que mas allá de "ENFERMEDAD DE LYME" Y "FIEBRE RECURRENTE (BORRELIOSIS) hay otras manifestaciones de la BORRELIOSIS que deben ser CODIFICADAS, DIGITALIZADAS, para darle una total cobertura a la ENFERMEDAD y búsqueda de sus manifestaciones clínicas. 

Esta "AUSENCIA" de CODIGOS provoca que muchos pacientes portadores de LYME no sean atendidos ADECUADAMENTE, pues NO "APARECEN EN EL SISTEMA" con sus respectivas consecuencias.

Aquí me hago la INOCENTE pregunta, esto que ocurre es "DESCONOCIMIENTO" o "INTENCIONADO"? porque reconocer todos estos CODIGOS IMPLICARIA más gasto publico por parte del Estado y de las compañías de seguros.

Aquí te pongo la CLASIFICACION  y luego las referencias:

1.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME CONGENITA:  Potencial infección del Feto con posibilidad de Muerte:

- LYME BORRELIOSIS EN MUJER EMBARAZADA.
-  ERLIQUIOSIS Y BORRELIOSIS EN MUJER EMBARAZADA.
-  ORIGEN DE LAS INFECCIONES EN RECIEN NACIDOS MUERTOS.
- TRNASMISION INTRAUTERINA DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI EN PERROS.

2.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: INFECCION PRIMARIA:

-  RECIEN NACIDO MUERTO DE MUJER EMBARAZADA CON ENFERMEDAD DE LYME.
- LYME BBORRELIOSIS, IMPLICACION PARA EL FETO.
- BORRELIOSIS FETAL, TOXEMIA DEL EMBARAZO Y MUERTE FETAL.
- ERITEMA MIGRANS EN EL EMBARAZO.
- TRANSMISION MATERNO FETAL DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME.
- BORRELIA BURDOGFERI EN RECION NACIDO.

A.) INFECCION PRIMARIA Y ERITEMA MIGRANS.

- ERITEMA MIGRANS PRIMARIO Y SECUNDARIO.

B.) INFECCION PRIMARIA SERONEGATIVA.

- ANTIGENOS NEGATIVOS CONTRA BORRELIA BURGDORFERI EN FLUIDO CEREBRO ESPINAL EN ENFERMEDAD DE LYME NEUROLOGICA.
- ENFERMEDAD DE LYME SERONEGATIVA.
- NEUROBORRELIOSIS RECURRENTE CRONICA SERONEGATIVA.

3.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: INFECCION PERSISTENTE EN LA ETAPA SECUNDARIA Y TARDIA:

- INFECCION PERSISTENTE A ANTIBIOTICOS DOXIXICLINA Y AMOXICILINA.
- AISLAMIENTO DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI DE IRIS OCULAR.
- SOBREVIVENCIA DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI LUEGO DE ANTIBIOTICOTERAPIA.

4.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: INFECCION SECUNDARIA Y TARDIA:

A.) MANIFESTACIONES CUTANEAS:

- LINFOCITOMA POR BORRELIA (BL).
- ACRODERMATITIS ATROFICA.
-  GRANULOMA ANULAR.
- MORFEA.
- ESCLERODERMIA LOCALIZADA.
- LIQUEN ESCLEROSO Y ATROFICO.

B.) OTRAS MANIFESTACIONES CUTANEAS:

- INFILTRADO LINFOCITICO BENIGNO  DE JESSNER KANOF.
- ACRODERMATITIS DE GIANOTTI CROSTI.
- ERITEMA MULTIFORME ATIPICO.
- VASCULITIS URTICARIANA.

5.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME DE LA PIEL Y MEMBRANAS MUCOSAS:

- ASOCIACION DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME CON LA ENFERMEDAD DE MORGELLON.
- ALOPECIA DIFUSA.
- ESCLERODERMIA EN GOLPE DE SABLE.
- PSEUDOPELADA DE BROCQ.

6.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: OTRAS LESIONES:

- ANETODERMA.
- ERITEMA MIGRANS PRIMARIO Y SECUNDARIO EN NIÑOS.

7.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME SECUNDARIA Y TARDIA: MENINGITIS, OCULOPATIA, IRIDOCICLITIS , IRISTIS, UVEITIS.

A.) LYME MENINGITIS.
B.) LYME OCULOPATIA.
C.)  LYME IRIDOCICLITIS, IRITIS Y UVEITIS.

8.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: NEFRITIS SECUNDARIA Y TARDIA, HEPATITIS, LINFADENOPATIA, MIOSITIS Y OTRAS.

A.) LYME NEFRITIS.
B.) LYME HEPATITIS.
C.)  LYME LINFADENOPATIA.
D.) LYME MIOSITIS.
E.) OTRAS CONDICIONES:

- SINTOMAS PERPLEJOS.
- PANCITOPENIA.
- SINTOMAS OCULARES.

9.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA: MANIFESTACIONES CARDIOVASCULARES:

A.) ANEURISMA AORTICO.
B.) ANEURISMA DE ARTERIAS CORONARIAS.
C.) ENDOCARDITIS TARDIA.
D.) CARDITIS.
E.) BLOQUEO ATRIOVENTRICULAR.

10.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: NEUROBORRELIOSIS TARDIA (NB), NEURITIS O NEUROPATIA, NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) CON INFARTOS CEREBRALES, PARKINSONISMO Y  ENCEFALITIS.

A.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NJB) TARDIA SINTOMATICA.
B.) NEURITIS O NEUROPATIA TARDIA.
C.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) MENINGOVASCULAR CON INFARTOS CEREBRALES.
D.) ANEURISMA INTRACRANEANO.
E.)  PARKINSONISMO.
F.) ENCEFALITIS TARDIA.
G.) EMBOLIA POR NEUROBORRELIOSIS.
H.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) SINTOMAS INESPECIFICOS:

- ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA (NEUROBORRELIOSIS: COMPARACION Y EVIDENCIA DE LAS ESPIROQUETAS Y LA NEUROSIFILIS TARDIA.
- EVIDENCIAS ENTRE LA INFECCION POR ESPIROQUETAS Y LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER.

11.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA: NEUROBORRELIOSIS, MENINGOENCEFALITIS O MENINGOMIELOENCEFALITIS TARDIA.

12.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA: FORMA ATROFICA DE MENINGOENCEFALITIS CON DEMENCIA Y DEMENCIA SUBAGUDA PRESENIL Y MANIFESTACIONES NEUROSIQUIATRICAS.

13.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA: HUESOS, ARTICULACIONES Y MANIFESTACIONES MUSCULO ESQUELETICAS.

14.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA: OCULOPATIA, HIGADO, RIÑON Y MANIFESTACIONES RESPIRATORIAS.

A.) OCULOPATIA.
B.) HIGADO Y OTRAS VISCERAS.
C.) RIÑON Y URETER.
D.) BRONQUIOS Y PULMONES.

15.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME LATENTE: SINTOMAS INESPECIFICOS.

A.) INFECCION DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL.
B.) HERPES SIMPLE TIPO 1.
C.) ENFERMEDADES POR ESPIROQUETAS DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL.

Esta CLASIFICACION que acabas de leer es un resumen de las 280 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS  que te describo abajo las cuales puedes encontrar en las mejores BASES DE DATOS cientificas como PUBMED, MEDSCAPE, LILACS etc, si tienes alguna duda has un COPIA y PEGA de cualquiera de ellas,  la colocas en tu navegador y obtendrás la información EXACTA en las mencionadas BASES DE DATOS.

Como podrás ver, existen suficientes EVIDENCIAS, para ACTUALIZAR los CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME en todos los sistemas INFORMATICOS DEL PLANETA, para darle una cobertura TOTAL al diagnostico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad que a mi modo particular de ver se está convirtiendo en la NUEVA PLAGA del SIGLO XXI.

Lee aqui el segundo Capitulo de:



Pero esto no termina aqui, de pronto piensas que faltan algunos detalles, algunas o varias interrogantes, las cuales te voy a explicar en la PROXIMA EDICION:
 
ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, SIFILIS Y LEPRA, EL ESLABON PERDIDO.  


NO TE LA PIERDAS !!!

En las referencias los hechos...

Saludos a Todos.

Dr. jose Lapenta.

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EBIBLIGRAPHICAL REFERENCES / REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS
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1.) CONGENITAL LYME DISEASE / Borrelia burgdorferi can potentially infect the fetus and cause adverse fetal outcomes
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1.) Congenital infections and the nervous system. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1992;39(4):669–690. doi:10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38370-5. [PubMed] Bale JF, Murph JR.

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3.) Lyme disease. In: Remington JS, Klein JO, eds. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1995:447–528chap 11. Gardner T.

4.) Lyme disease. In: Remington JS, Klein JO. Infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W B Saunders Co; December 13, 1994. Gardner T.

5.) The infectious origins of stillbirth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003;189(3):861–873. doi:10.1067/s0002-9378(03)00470-8. [PubMed] Goldenberg RL, Thompson C.

6.) Intrauterine transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1993;54(6):882–890. [PubMed Gustafson JM, Burgess EC, Wachal MD, Steinberg H.

7.) Stillbirth following maternal Lyme disease. N Y State J Med. 1987;11:615–616. [PubMed] MacDonald AB, Benach JL, Burgdorfer W.

8.)  Gestational Lyme borreliosis. Implications for the fetus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1989;15(4):657–677. [PubMed] MacDonald AB.

9.) Human fetal borreliosis, toxemia of pregnancy, and fetal death. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology. 1986;263(1-2):189–200. doi:10.1016/s0176-6724(86)80122-5. [PubMed] Macdonald AB.

10.) Erythema migrans in pregnancy. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2000;111:933–40. [PubMed] Maraspin V, Cimperman J, Lotric-Furlan S, Pleterski-Rigler D, Strle F.

11.) Lyme disease during pregnancy. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 1986;255(24):3394. doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03370240064038. PubMed Markowitz LE, Steere AC, Benach JL, Slade JD, Broome CV.

12.) Maternal-fetal transmission of the Lyme disease Spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1985;103(1):67. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-67. [PubMed]
Schlesinger PA, Duray PH, Burke BA, Steere AC, Stillman MT.

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14.) Lyme disease and pregnancy outcome: A prospective s of two thousand prenatal patients. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1993;169(2):367–374. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90088-z. [PubMed] Strobino BA, Williams CL, Abid S, Ghalson R, Spierling P.

15.) Borrelia burgdorferi in a newborn despite oral penicillin for Lyme borreliosis during pregnancy. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 1988;7(4):286–288. doi:10.1097/00006454-198804000-00010. [PubMed]
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2.) PRIMARY INFECTION ERYTHEMA MIGRANS
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16.) Clinical and epidemiological features of Lyme borreliosis in Bulgaria. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2004;116(1-2):42-6. [PubMed] Christova I, Komitova R.

17.)  Contributions to the treatment of dermatologic manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Cutis. 1992 Jun;49(6):409-11. [PubMed] Hercogová J, Tománková M, Barták P.

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19.) Primary and secondary erythema migrans in central Wisconsin. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129(6):709-16. [PubMed] Melski JW, Reed KD, Mitchell PD, Barth GD.

20.) Epidemiology and clinical similarities of human spirochetal diseases. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11Suppl 6:S1460-9. Review type. [PubMed] Schmid GP.
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 LYME DISEASE, PRIMARY INFECTION, SERONEGATIVE
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21.) Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in cerebrospinal fluid. Neurology 1993;43:1093-1097. [PubMed] Coyle PK, Deng Z, Schutzer SE, Belman AL, Benach J, Krupp LB, Luft B.

22.) Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific antigen in antibody-negative cerebrospinal fluid in neurologic Lyme disease. Neurology. 1995;45(11):2010–2015. [PubMed]Coyle PK, Schutzer SE, Deng Z, et al.

23.) Seronegative Lyme Disease. Dissociation of T- and B-Lymphocyte Responses to Borrelia burgdorferi. N Engl J Med 1988;319:1441-6.
[PubMed]Dattwyler RJ, Volkman DJ, Luft BJ, Halperin JJ, Thomas J, Golightly MG.

24.) Tick inoculation in an eyelid region: report on five cases with one complication of the orbital myositis associated with Lyme borreliosis. Klin Oczna. 2006;108(4-6):220-4. [PubMed] Holak H1, Holak N, Huzarska M, Holak S.

25.) Diagnosis and clinical characteristics of ocular Lyme borreliosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119(2):127-35. [PubMed]Karma A, Seppälä I, Mikkilä H, Kaakkola S, Viljanen M, Tarkkanen A.

26.) Seronegative Chronic Relapsing Neuroborreliosis. Eur Neurol 1995;35:113-117. [PubMed] Lawrence C, Lipton RB, Lowy FD, Coyle PK.
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3.) LYME DISEASE, PERSISTENT INFECTION IN SECONDARY AND LATE STAGE
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27.) Identification of novel activity against Borrelia burgdorferi persisters using an FDA approved drug library. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 2014;3:e49. doi: 10.1038/emi.2014.53. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref] Feng J., Wang T., Shi W., Zhang S., Sullivan D., Auwaerter P.G., Zhang Y.

28.) Borrelia burgdorferi detected by culture and PCR in clinical relapse of disseminated Lyme borreliosis. Ann. Med. 1999;31:225–232. doi: 10.3109/07853899909115982. [PubMed] [Cross Ref] Oksi J., Marjamaki M., Nikoskelainen J., Viljanen M.K.

29.) First Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from an Iris Biopsy. J Clin Neuro-ophthalmol 1993;13:155-161. [PubMed]
Preac-Mursic V, Weber K, Pfister HW, Wilske B, Gross B, Baumann A, Prokop J. Survival of Borrelia burgdorferi in Antibiotically Treated Patients with Lyme borreliosis. Infection 1989;17:355-359. [PubMed] Preac-Mursic V, Pfister HW, Spiegel H, Burk R, Wilske B, Reinhardt S, Bohmer R.

30.) Cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi from joint fluid three months after treatment of facial palsy due to Lyme borreliosis. J. Infect. Dis. 1988;158:905–906. doi: 10.1093/infdis/158.4.905. [PubMed] [Cross Ref  Schmidli J., Hunziker T., Moesli P., Schaad U.B.
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4.) LYME DISEASE, PERSISTENT INFECTION IN SECONDARY AND LATE STAGE, CUTANEOUS LESIONS, BORRELIAL LYMPHOCYTOMA
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31.) Borrelial Lymphocytoma in Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(12):1319-22. [PubMed] Arnež M, Ružic-Sabljic E.

32.) Borrelia burgdorferi-associated lymphocytoma cutis: clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular study of 106 cases. J Cutan Pathol. 2004;31(3):232-40. [PubMed] Colli C, Leinweber B, Müllegger R, Chott A, Kerl H, Cerroni L.

33.) Clinical spectrum of skin manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in 204 children in Austria. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(5):565-71. [PubMed] Glatz M, Resinger A, Semmelweis K, Ambros-Rudolph CM, Müllegger RR.

34.) B.Borrelia burgdorferi infection and cutaneous Lyme disease, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(10):1556-8. [PubMed]  Gordillo-Pérez G, Torres J, Solórzano-Santos F, de Martino S, Lipsker D, Velázquez E, Ramon G, Onofre M, Jaulhac

35.) Therapy of Lyme borreliosis in children. Infection. 1996;24(2):170-3. [PubMed]MKrbkova L, Stanek G.

36.) Species of Borrelia burgdorferi complex that cause borrelial lymphocytoma in France. Br J Dermatol. 2009;161(1):174-6. [PubMed]
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37.) Solitary borrelial lymphocytoma in adult patients. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002;114(13-14):515-23. [PubMed] Maraspin V, Cimperman J, Lotric-Furlan S, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Jurca T, Picken RN, Strle F.

38.) Borrelial Lymphocytoma in Adult Patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):914-21. [PubMed] Maraspin V, Nahtigal Klevišar M, Ružic-Sabljic E, Lusa L, Strle F.

39.) Chemokine signatures in the skin disorders of Lyme borreliosis in Europe: predominance of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in erythema migrans and acrodermatitis and CXCL13 in lymphocytoma. Infect Immun. 2007;75(9):4621-8. [PubMed]  Müllegger RR, Means TK, Shin JJ, Lee M, Jones KL, Glickstein LJ, Luster AD, Steere AC.

40.) Treatment of borrelial lymphocytoma. Infection. 1996;24(1):80-4. [PubMed] Strle F, Maraspin V, Pleterski-Rigler D, Lotric-Furlan S, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Jurca T, Cimperman J. 
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LYME DISEASE AND ACRODERMATITIS ATROPHICANS
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41.) Cutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Infection. 1991 Jul-Aug;19(4):284-6. [PubMed] Aberer E, Klade H.

42.) Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolated from cutaneous Lyme borreliosis biopsies differentiated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Scand J Infect Dis. 1996;28(6):583-9. [PubMed] Busch U, Hizo-Teufel C, Böhmer R, Fingerle V, Rössler D, Wilske B, Preac-Mursic V.

43.) Further evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi infection in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus confirmed by DNA amplification. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;100(5):717-20. [PubMed] Schempp C, Bocklage H, Lange R, Kölmel HW, Orfanos CE, Gollnick H.

44.) Molecular subtyping of Borrelia burgdorferi in erythema migrans and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. J Invest Dermatol. 1994;103(1):19-22. [PubMed] Wienecke R1, Zöchling N, Neubert U, Schlüpen EM, Meurer M, Volkenandt M.

45.) Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans--a spirochetosis. Clinical and histopathological picture based on 32 patients; course and relationship to erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius. Am J Dermatopathol. 1986;8(3):209-19. [PubMed]  Asbrink E, Brehmer-Andersson E, Hovmark A.

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LYME DISEASE AND GRANULOMA ANNULARE, MORPHEA, LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA, LICHEN SCLEROSUS AND ATROPHICUS.
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46.) Amplification of DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi in urine samples of patients with granuloma annulare and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. 1999;135(2):210-2. [PubMed] Aberer E, Schmidt BL, Breier F, Kinaciyan T, Luger A.

47.)Localized scleroderma associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical observations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;29(2 Pt 1):190-6. [PubMed] Buechner SA, Winkelmann RK, Lautenschlager S, Gilli L, Rufli T.

48.) Morphoea: a manifestation of infection with Borrelia species? Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(6):1189-98. [PubMed] Eisendle K, Grabner T, Zelger B.

49.) Chronic borreliosis presenting with morphea- and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus-like cutaneous lesions. a case report. Dermatology. 2001;202(4):373-5. [PubMed] Kaya G, Berset M, Prins C, Chavaz P, Saurat JH.

50.) Diagnosis of Lyme disease based on dermatologic manifestations. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114(6):490-8. [PubMed]  Malane MS, Grant-Kels JM, Feder HM Jr, Luger SW.

51.) Eruzione a tipo pitiriasi lichenoide con perifollicoliti in corso di borreliosi di Lyme. Eur J Pediat Dermatol. 1994;4:77–80. Menni S, Pistritto G, Gelmetti C, Stanta G, Trevisan G.

52.) Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi in morphea and lichen sclerosus. Int J Dermatol. 2000;39(4):278-83. [PubMed] Ozkan S, Atabey N, Fetil E, Erkizan V, Günes AT.

53.)  Further evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi infection in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus confirmed by DNA amplification. J Invest Dermatol. 1993;100(5):717-20. [PubMed] Schempp C, Bocklage H, Lange R, Kölmel HW, Orfanos CE, Gollnick H.

54.) Morphea Borrelia burgdorferi and localized scleroderma. Clin Dermatol. 1994;12(3):475-9. [ScienceDirect]  Trevisan G, Rees DH, Stinco G.

55.) Lyme Borreliosis and Skin. Indian J Dermatol. 2013;58(3): 167–174. doi: 10.4103/0019-5154.110822 [PubMed] Vasudevan B, Chatterjee M.

56.) Extragenital lichen sclerosus with aetiological link to Borrelia. MJAFI. 2011;67:370–3. [PubMed] Vasudevan B, Sagar A, Bahal A, Mohanty AP.

57.) Is Localized Scleroderma Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016;16(9):577-80. [PubMed]Zinchuk AN, Kalyuzhna LD, Pasichna IA.
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LYME DISEASE AND OTHER CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS
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58.) Benign lymphocytic infiltration (Jessner-Kanof): another manifestation of borreliosis? J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;21(4 Pt 1):795-7. [PubMed] Abele DC, Anders KH, Chandler FW.

59.) Infantile acrodermatitis of Gianotti-Crosti and Lyme borreliosis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1996;76(3):242-3. [PubMed]Baldari U, Cattonar P, Nobile C, Celli B, Righini MG, Trevisan G.

60.) Polymerase chain reaction of Borrelia burgdorferi flagellin gene in Shulman syndrome. Dermatology. 1996;192(2):136-9. [PubMed] Hashimoto Y, Takahashi H, Matsuo S, Hirai K, Takemori N, Nakao M, Miyamoto K, Iizuka H.

61.) Atypical erythema multiforme occurring at the early phase of Lyme disease? Acta Derm Venereol. 2000;80(3):222. [PubMed] Lesire V, Machet L, Toledano C, de Muret A, Maillard H, Lorette G, Vaillant L.

62.) Urticarial vasculitis and Lyme disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990;22(6 Pt 1):1114-6. [PubMed] Olson JC, Esterly NB.
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5..) LYME DISEASE OF SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES
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63.) Lyme borreliosis: aspects of tick-borne Borrelia burgdorferi infection from a dermatologic viewpoint. Semin Dermatol. 1990;9(4):277-91. [PubMed]Asbrink E, Hovmark A.

64.) Exploring the association between Morgellons disease and Lyme disease: identification of Borrelia burgdorferi in Morgellons disease patients. BMC Dermatol. 2015 Feb 12;15:1. [PubMed] Middelveen MJ, Bandoski C, Burke J, Sapi E, Filush KR, Wang Y, Franco A, Mayne P, Stricker RB.

65.) Lyme Borreliosis and Skin. Indian J Dermatol. 2013; 58(3):167–174. [PubMed]  Vasudevan B, Chatterjee M.
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LYME DISEASE AND ALOPECIA
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66.) Diffuse reversible alopecia in patients with Lyme meningitis and tick-borne encephalitis. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2000;111:976–7. [PubMed] Cimperman J, Maraspin V, Lotric-Furlan S, Ruzic-Sabljic E, Avsic-Zupanc T, Strle F.

67.) Lichen sclerosus et atrophicans, scleroderma en coup de sabre and Lyme borreliosis. Dermatol Reports. 2011;28;3(2):e27.
doi: 10.4081/dr.2011.e27. [PubMed]  Gubertini N, Bonin S, Trevisan G.

68.) Lyme disease in central Europe. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2001;14(2):133-7. [PubMed]  Hercogová J, Brzonova I.

69.) [Pseudopelade Brocq--possible sequela of stage III borrelia infection?] [in German]. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete. 1999;49(11):835–7. [PubMed] Schwarzenbach R, Djawari D.
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6.) LYME DISEASE AND OTHER LESIONS
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70.) Anetoderma: another facet of Lyme disease? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48(5 Suppl):S86-8. [PubMed]Bauer J1, Leitz G, Palmedo G, Hügel H.

71.) Clinical spectrum of skin manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in 204 children in Austria. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(5):565-71. [PubMed]  Glatz M, Resinger A, Semmelweis K, Ambros-Rudolph CM, Müllegger RR.

72.) Primary and secondary erythema migrans in central Wisconsin. Arch Dermatol. 1993;129(6):709-16. [PubMed] Melski JW, Reed KD, Mitchell PD, Barth GD.
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7.) LYME DISEASE LATE STAGE: MENINGITIS, OCULOPATHY, IRIDOCYCLITIS, IRITIS,UVEITIS
=====================================================================
73.)  Neurologic manifestations in children with Lyme disease. Pediatrics. 1995;96:1053-1056. [PubMed] Bingham PM, Galetta SL, Athreya B, Sladky J.

74.)Chronic and recurrent meningitis. Pract Neurol. 2008 Dec;8(6):348-61. Review doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.157396. [PubMed]  Ginsberg L, Kidd D.

75.) Pachner AR. Early disseminated Lyme disease: Lyme meningitis. Am J Med. 1995 Apr 24;98(4A):30S-37S; discussion 37S-43S. [PubMed] Pachner AR.

76.) Clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1986;263(1-2):201-5.[PubMed] Steere AC, Bartenhagen NH, Craft JE, Hutchinson GJ, Newman JH, Pachner AR, Rahn DW, Sigal LH, Taylor E, Malawista SE.

77.) Diagnosis and clinical characteristics of ocular Lyme borreliosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119(2):127-35. doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)73864-4. [PubMed] Karma A, Seppälä I, Mikkilä H, Kaakkola S, Viljanen M, Tarkkanen A.

78.) The expanding clinical spectrum of ocular lyme borreliosis. Ophthalmology 2000;107:581-587. [PubMed] Mikkilä HO, Seppala IJ, Viljanen MK, Peltomaa MP, Karma A.

79.) Ocular manifestations of tick-borne diseases. Surv Ophthalmol. 2016;61(6):726-744. Review. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.011. [PubMed] Raja H, Starr MR, Bakri SJ.

80.) The eye and tick-borne disease in the United States. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2016;27(6):530-537. Review. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000308 [PubMed] Sathiamoorthi S, Smith WM.

81.) Iritis and papillitis as a primary presentation of Lyme disease. Ann Ophthalmol. 1990;22(1):24-5. [PubMed] Boutros A, Rahn E, Nauheim R.

82.) [Ocular manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in northwest Croatia]. Lijec Vjesn. 2004;126(5-6):124-8. [Article in Croatian] [PubMed]  Golubic D, Vinkovic T, Turk D, Hranilovic J, Slugan I.

83.) Ocular Lyme borreliosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;15;108(6):651-7. [PubMed] Winward KE, Smith JL, Culbertson WW, Paris-Hamelin A.
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8.) LYME DISEASE SECONDARY AND LATE STAGE: NEPHRITIS, HEPATITIS, LYMPHADENOPATHY, MYOSITIS AND OTHER.
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84.) Lyme disease and glomerulonephritis. Ir Med J. 2017;92(5):372. [PubMed] Kelly B, Finnegan P, Cormican M, Callaghan J.

85.) Comment on 'Membranous glomerulonephritis secondary to Borrelia burgdorferi infection presenting as nephrotic syndrome'. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2010;25(5):1723-1727. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfq028. [PubMed]  Kirmizis D, Chatzidimitriou D.

86.) Renal Manifestations of Lyme Disease: Interplay between Infection and Immunostimulation. In: Holmgren A, Borg G, ed. Handbook Of Disease Outbreaks: Prevention, Detection And Control. 1st ed. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc; 2010. https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=11009]  Kirmizis D, Chatzidimitriou D.

87.) MPGN secondary to lyme disease. American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2004;43(3):544-551. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2003.11.014. [PubMed] Kirmizis D, Efstratiadis G, Economidou D, Diza-Mataftsi E, Leontsini M, Memmos D.

88.) Minimal-Change Disease Secondary toBorrelia burgdorferiInfection. Case Reports in Nephrology. 2012;2012:1-3. doi:10.1155/2012/294532. [PubMed]  Kwiatkowska E, Golembiewska E, Ciechanowski K, Kedzierska K.

89.) Lyme disease-associated glomerulonephritis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2011;26(9):3054-3056. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfr335. [PubMed]  Mc Causland F, Niedermaier S, Bijol V, Rennke H, Choi M, Forman J.

90.) Membranous glomerulonephritis secondary to Borrelia burgdorferi infection presenting as nephrotic syndrome. Clinical Kidney Journal. 2009;3(1):105-106. doi:10.1093/ndtplus/sfp160. [PubMed] Papineni P, Doherty T, Pickett T, Toth T, Boddana P.

91.) MPGN and Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) Secondary to Lyme Disease (LD). American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2008;51(4):B83. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.02.231. [http://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(08)00402-2/abstract]  Rawal B, Rovner L, Thakar C, Pollock J.

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93.) Goellner MH, Agger WA, Burgess JH, Duray PH. Hepatitis due to recurrent Lyme disease, Ann Intern Med , 1988, vol. 108 (pg. 707-8) [PubMed]Goellner MH, Agger WA, Burgess JH, Duray PH.

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10.) LYME DISEASE LATE STAGE, NEURO-BORRELIOSIS, NEURITIS OR NEUROPATHY, MENINGOVASCULAR, NB WITH CEREBRAL INFARCTS, LYME PARKINSONISM, LYME ENCEPHALITIS.
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12.) LYME DISEASE- LATE STAGE: ATROPHIC FORM OF LYME MENINGOENCEPHALITIS WITH DEMENTIA & SUBACUTE PRESENILE DEMENTIA & NEUROPSYCHIATRIC MANIFESTATIONS
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215.)  Dementia associated with infectious diseases. International Psychogeriatrics. 2005;17(S1):S65. doi:10.1017/s104161020500195x. [PubMed] Almeida OP, Lautenschlager NT.

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227.) Persisting atypical and cystic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi and local inflammation in Lyme neuroborreliosis. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2008;5(1):40. doi:10.1186/1742-2094-5-40. [PubMed] Miklossy J, Kasas S, Zurn A, McCall S, Yu S, McGeer P.

228.)  Borrelia burgdorferi persists in the brain in chronic Lyme neuroborreliosis and may be associated with Alzheimer disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease. 2004;6(6):639–649. [PubMed] Miklossy J, Khalili K, Gern L, et al.

229.) Beta-amyloid deposition and Alzheimer’s type changes induced by Borrelia spirochetes. Neurobiology of Aging. 2006;27(2):228–236. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.01.018. [PubMed]  Miklossy J, Kis A, Radenovic A, et al.

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231.) Bacterial Amyloid and DNA are Important Constituents of Senile Plaques: Further Evidence of the Spirochetal and Biofilm Nature of Senile Plaques. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2016;53(4):1459-1473. doi:10.3233/jad-160451. [PubMed]  Miklossy J.


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240.)The underdiagnosis of neuropsychiatric lyme disease in children and adults. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1998;21(3):693-703. doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70032-0. [PubMed]  Fallon B, Kochevar J, Gaito A, Nields J.

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243.) A controlled study of cognitive deficits in children with chronic Lyme disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;13(4):500-7. [PubMed] Tager FA, Fallon BA, Keilp J, Rissenberg M, Jones CR, Liebowitz MR.
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13.) LYME DISEASE- LATE STAGE: BONE, JOINT AND MUSCULOSKELETAL MANIFESTATIONS
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244.) Distinguishing Lyme from septic knee monoarthritis in Lyme disease-endemic areas. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3):e695-701. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-2531. [PubMed]  Deanehan JK, Kimia AA, Tan Tanny SP, et al.

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246.) Temporomandibular joint involvement caused by Borrelia Burgdorferi. J Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg Off Publ Eur Assoc Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg. 2007;35(8):397-400. doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2007.06.003. [PubMed] Lesnicar G, Zerdoner D.

247.) The incidence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti coinfections among foresters and farmers in eastern Poland. J Vector Borne Dis. 2016;53(4):348-354. [PubMed] Pañczuk A, Tokarska-Rodak M, Koziol-Montewka M, Plewik D.

248.) Good outcomes of Lyme arthritis in 24 patients in an endemic area of Switzerland. Jt Bone Spine Rev Rhum. 2004;71(1):39-43. doi:10.1016/S1297-319X(03)00160-X. [PubMed]  Renaud I, Cachin C, Gerster J-C.

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251.) Disease expression of Lyme borreliosis in northeastern France. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001;20(4):225-30. [PubMed]  Lipsker D, Hansmann Y, Limbach F, Clerc C, Tranchant C, Grunenberger F, Caro-Sampara F, Attali P, Frey M, Kubina M, Piémont Y, Sibilia J, Jaulhac B;

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14.) LYME DISEASE, LATE STAGE: OCULOPATHY, LIVER, KIDNEY AND RESPIRATORY MANIFESTATIONS
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253.) Acute isolated partial oculomotor nerve palsy due to Lyme neuroborreliosis in a 5 year old girl. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2016;20(6):977-979. doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.05.022. [PubMed]  Drenckhahn A, Spors B, Knierim E.

254.) Diagnosis and clinical characteristics of ocular Lyme borreliosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119(2):127-135. [PubMed]  Karma A, Seppälä I, Mikkilä H, Kaakkola S, Viljanen M, Tarkkanen A.

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256.)The expanding clinical spectrum of ocular lyme borreliosis. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(3):581-587. [PubMed]  Mikkilä HO, Seppälä IJ, Viljanen MK, Peltomaa MP, Karma A.

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259.) Lyme disease-associated glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26 (9): 3054-3056. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr335 [PubMed]Finnian R. Mc Causland, Sophie Niedermaier, Vanesa Bijol, Helmut G. Rennke, Mary E. Choi, John P. Forman;

260.) Chronic Lyme borreliosis associated with minimal change glomerular disease: a case report. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18(1). doi:10.1186/s12882-017-0462-4. [PubMed] Florens N, Lemoine S, Guebre-Egziabher F, et al.

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15.) LYME DISEASE, LATENT STAGE, UNESPICIFIED
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278.) Avitabile C, Harris M, Chowdhury D. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Characterizes Myocarditis in a 16-Year-Old Female With Lyme Disease. World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery. 2016;7(3):394-396. doi:10.1177/2150135115593134. [PubMed]  Avitabile C, Harris M, Chowdhury D.

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