HERPES ZOSTER, NEURALGIA AND VACCINES. !
HERPES ZOSTER, NEURALGIA Y VACUNAS. !
ACTUALIZADO 2017 - 2025
NOTA: Debes revisar TODOS los enlaces, porque cada
actualización tiene información adicional.
EDITORIAL ENGLISH
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Hola amigos de la red, EL DERMAGIC EXPRESS hoy les trae un tema bien
interesante:
HERPES ZOSTER, NEURALGIA Y VACUNAS.
El HERPES ZOSTER, es una enfermedad viral producida por el virus de la
VARICELA-ZOSTER. La enfermedad se presenta por una reactivación del virus de la VARICELA
que queda latente en los ganglios nerviosos de nuestro organismo y puede
aparecer muchos años después del primer evento (VARICELA).
El HERPES ZOSTER es conocido en America latina bajo el nombre popular de
"CULEBRILLA", en idioma ingles como
"SHINGLES", y en algunos países de Europa como
"FUEGO DE SAN ANTONIO".
La enfermedad se presenta como un trayecto vesiculoso ampollar serpiginoso
en la piel que sigue una metamera nerviosa o dermatoma (nervio raquídeo),
y su ganglio espinal).
La duración varia entre 15 y 21 días y su principal complicación es la NEURALGIA POST-HERPETICA (NPH), que consiste en una sensación dolorosa crónica en el area afectada
(dermatoma), que puede durar desde varias semanas hasta años, con un
promedio entre 3 y 6 meses.
La distribución de la enfermedad es mundial y las personas mas
afectadas son las de mayor edad.
Otras complicaciones incluyen INFARTO AL MIOCARDIO (CORAZÓN) , INFECCIÓN
SECUNDARIA, daño ocular (ZOSTER OFTÁLMICO, y otras complicaciones
neurológicas (NEURALGIAS CRÓNICAS Y PARESTESIAS).
La incidencia estimada en Europa oscila entre 2,0 y 4,6 casos por 1.000
habitantes, con un fuerte aumento en sujetos de más de 50 años de edad.
También se ha descrito una asociación GENÉTICA dada por los Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad HLA-A33 y B44, con susceptibilidad a padecer NEURALGIA POST-HERPETICA.
La ciencia no deja de sorprendernos en su afán por derrotar las enfermedades, y el HERPES ZOSTER Y LA NEURALGIA POST - HERPETICA representan un palpable ejemplo del avance científico en el area viral.
También se ha descrito una asociación GENÉTICA dada por los Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad HLA-A33 y B44, con susceptibilidad a padecer NEURALGIA POST-HERPETICA.
La ciencia no deja de sorprendernos en su afán por derrotar las enfermedades, y el HERPES ZOSTER Y LA NEURALGIA POST - HERPETICA representan un palpable ejemplo del avance científico en el area viral.
En el año 1.974 fue
descubierto el
ACICLOVIR. El descubrimiento de esta medicina fue considerado el comienzo de
una nueva era en la terapia antiviral, que dio pie a que los científicos
Gertrude Belle Elion y George H. Hitchings
recibieran el Premio Nobel de Medicina en 1.988, debido, en parte al
desarrollo de este compuesto.
Mas tarde apareció el FAMCICLOVIR en 1.994 y posteriormente el
VALACICLOVIR
en 1.995. Estas drogas tienen
probados efectos contra las infecciones por el virus VARICELA ZOSTER
(VZV), y también herpes simple (HSV).
Hay otras mas como el
GANCICLOVIR, VALGANCICLOVIR, PENCICLOVIR y BRIBUDIN.
Pero la ciencia no se detuvo allí, casi una década después,
en el año 2.006 fue aprobada la primera VACUNA
para prevenir el HERPES ZOSTER, para ser usada en Estados Unidos y la
Union Europea, aprobada por la FDA (Food and drug administration),
denominada ZOSTAVAX, compuesta por virus atenuados Varicela Zoster, para ser utilizada
en personas de 50 años o mas y evitar el HERPES ZOSTER y por ende la
NEURALGIA POST-HERPETICA, o atenuar su aparición.
Posteriormente en el 2.012 es
sintetizado y comercializado VARIZIG
suero de inmunoglobulinas Varicela Zoster, para ser utilizado en personas
que tuvieron exposición al VIRUS VARICELA ZOSTER, principalmente:
1.) NIÑOS Y ADULTOS INMUNO COMPROMETIDOS.
2.) RECIÉN NACIDOS DE MADRES CON VARICELA, POCO ANTES O DESPUÉS DEL
PARTO.
3.) BEBES PREMATUROS.
4.) LACTANTES MENORES DE UN AÑO DE EDAD.
5.) ADULTOS SIN EVIDENCIA DE INMUNIDAD.
6.) MUJERES EMBARAZADAS.
En muchos países no esta comercializada la vacuna contra el HERPES ZOSTER,
de modo que se puede presentar la enfermedad, con la subsecuente NEURALGIA
POST-HERPETICA.
En estas referencias bibliográficas encontraras ademas de las mencionadas
VACUNAS, alternativas terapéuticas para la NEURALGIA POST-HERPETICA; te
menciono algunas de ellas:
1.) CAPSAICINA TOPICA.
2.) CORTICOESTEROIDES.
3.) ACICLOVIR.
4.) VALACICLOVIR.
5.) FAMCICLOVIR.
6.) BLOQUEO NEURAL.
7.) LIDOCAINA TOPICA.
8.) ANTIDEPRESIVOS TRICICLICOS: AMITRIPTILINA, NORTRIPTILINA
9.) GABAPENTIN.
10.) PREGABALINA.
11.) TRAMADOL.
12.) IBUPROFENO.
13.) CODEINA.
14.) RADIOFRECUENCIA.
15.) VITAMINA C.
16.) TOXINA BOTULINICA.
17.) TALIDOMIDA.
18.) LEVODOPA.
19.) FOTOTERAPIA: LUZ ULTRAVIOLETA B
20.) TRIAMCINOLONA.
21.) BRIBUDIN.
Actualmente en 2.017 esta en desarrollo otra vacuna bajo el nombre
de: LA SUBUNIDAD HZ (HZ/SU) que combina una glicoproteína de
superficie clave (E) del virus VARICELA ZOSTER (VZV), con un coadyuvante
de refuerzo de células T (AS01B), para ser utilizada tanto en HERPES
ZOSTER, como la NEURALGIA POST-HERPETICA.
En este enlace encontraras la ultima actualización del
HERPES ZOSTER, NEURALGIA POST HERPETICA, LAS VACUNAS (2025)
y otras alternativas.
En este enlace encuentras la actualización del
FAMCICLOVIR Y VALACICLOVIR (2025)
Saludos a todos. !
Dr. Jose Lapenta.
Dr. Jose M. Lapenta.
UPDATED 2017 - 2025
NOTE: You should check ALL links, as each update contains
additional information.
EDITORIAL ENGLISH
==================
Hello friends of the network, THE DERMAGIC EXPRESS today brings you a
very interesting topic:
HERPES ZOSTER, NEURALGIA AND VACCINES.
HERPES ZOSTER is a viral disease caused by the
VARICELLA-ZOSTER virus. The
disease is caused by a reactivation of the VARICELLA virus that is
latent in the nerve ganglia of our organism, and can appear many years
after the first event (VARICELLA).
HERPES ZOSTER is known in Latin America under the popular name of "CULEBRILLA", in English language as "SHINGLES", and in some countries of Europe as "FIRE OF SAINT ANTONY".
The disease occurs as a serpiginous blistering vesicle pathway in the skin that follows a metameric nerve or dermatome (spinal nerve and its spinal ganglion).
HERPES ZOSTER is known in Latin America under the popular name of "CULEBRILLA", in English language as "SHINGLES", and in some countries of Europe as "FIRE OF SAINT ANTONY".
The disease occurs as a serpiginous blistering vesicle pathway in the skin that follows a metameric nerve or dermatome (spinal nerve and its spinal ganglion).
The duration varies from 15 to 21 days and its main complication is
POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA (PHN), which consists of a chronic painful
sensation in the affected area (dermatome), which can last from several
weeks to years, with an average of 3 to 6 months.
The distribution of the disease is worldwide and the people most
affected are the oldest.
Other complications include MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI), SECONDARY INFECTIONS, eye damage (OPHTHALMIC ZOSTER) and other neurological complications (CHRONIC NEURALGIAS AND PARESTHESIAS).
The estimated incidence in Europe ranges from 2.0 to 4.6 cases per 1,000 inhabitants, with a strong increase in subjects over 50 years of age.
It has also been described a GENETIC association related with the HLA-A33 and B44 Histocompatibility Antigens with susceptibility to suffer POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA (PHN).
Science does not cease to defend itself in its battle to defeat diseases, and HERPES ZOSTER AND POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA, represents a palpable example of the scientific advance in the viral area.
In the year 1.974 the ACICLOVIR was discovered. The discovery of this medicine was seen as the beginning of a new era in antiviral therapy, which led scientists Gertrude Belle Elion and George H. Hitchings to receive the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1.988 due in part to the development of this compound.
Later on FAMCICLOVIR appeared in 1.994 and later the VALACICLOVIR in 1.995. These drugs have proven effects against the infections of the virus VARICELLA ZOSTER (VZV) And also herpes simplex (HSV). There are others such as GANCICLOVIR, VALGANCICLOVIR, PENCICLOVIR and BRIBUDIN.
Other complications include MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI), SECONDARY INFECTIONS, eye damage (OPHTHALMIC ZOSTER) and other neurological complications (CHRONIC NEURALGIAS AND PARESTHESIAS).
The estimated incidence in Europe ranges from 2.0 to 4.6 cases per 1,000 inhabitants, with a strong increase in subjects over 50 years of age.
It has also been described a GENETIC association related with the HLA-A33 and B44 Histocompatibility Antigens with susceptibility to suffer POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA (PHN).
Science does not cease to defend itself in its battle to defeat diseases, and HERPES ZOSTER AND POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA, represents a palpable example of the scientific advance in the viral area.
In the year 1.974 the ACICLOVIR was discovered. The discovery of this medicine was seen as the beginning of a new era in antiviral therapy, which led scientists Gertrude Belle Elion and George H. Hitchings to receive the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1.988 due in part to the development of this compound.
Later on FAMCICLOVIR appeared in 1.994 and later the VALACICLOVIR in 1.995. These drugs have proven effects against the infections of the virus VARICELLA ZOSTER (VZV) And also herpes simplex (HSV). There are others such as GANCICLOVIR, VALGANCICLOVIR, PENCICLOVIR and BRIBUDIN.
But science did not stop there, almost a decade later,
in 2.006 the First vaccine to prevent HERPES ZOSTER,
was discovered, to be used in the United States and the European Union,
approved by the FDA (Food and drug administration), ZOSTAVAX, composed of attenuated virus Varicella Zoster, to be used in people 50
years and over, to Avoid the HERPES ZOSTER and therefore the POST-HERPETIC
NEURALGIA or mitigate its appearance.
Subsequently in 2.012 it is synthesized and commercialized VARIZIG, varicella-zoster immunoglobulin serum was then synthesized and marketed for use in people who had exposure to the VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS, mainly:
1.) IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILDREN AND ADULTS.
2.) NEWBORNS OF MOTHERS WITH CHICKENPOX SHORTLY BEFORE OR AFTER DELIVERY.
3.) PREMATURE BABIES..
4.) INFANTS LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF AGE.
5.) ADULTS WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF IMMUNITY.
6.) PREGNANT WOMEN.
In many countries the vaccine against HERPES ZOSTER is not commercialized, so that the disease can be present with the subsequent POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA (PHN).
In these bibliographical references you will find in addition to the aforementioned VACCINES, therapeutical alternatives for subsequent POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA, I mention some of them:
1.) TOPIC CAPSAICIN.
2.) CORTICOESTEROIDS.
3.) ACICLOVIR.
4.) VALACICLOVIR.
5.) FAMCICLOVIR.
6.) NEURAL BLOCKING.
7.) TOPICAL LIDOCAINE.
8.) TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS: AMITRIPTYLINE, NORTRIPTYLIN.
9.) GABAPENTIN.
10.) PREGABALIN.
11.) TRAMADOL.
12.) IBUPROFEN.
13.) CODEIN.
14.) RADIOFREQUENCY.
15.) VITAMIN C.
16.) BOTULINIC TOXIN.
17.) THALIDOMIDE.
18.) LEVODOPA.
19.) PHOTOTHERAPY: ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT B
20.) TRIAMCINOLONE.
21.) BRIBUDIN.
Subsequently in 2.012 it is synthesized and commercialized VARIZIG, varicella-zoster immunoglobulin serum was then synthesized and marketed for use in people who had exposure to the VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS, mainly:
1.) IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILDREN AND ADULTS.
2.) NEWBORNS OF MOTHERS WITH CHICKENPOX SHORTLY BEFORE OR AFTER DELIVERY.
3.) PREMATURE BABIES..
4.) INFANTS LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF AGE.
5.) ADULTS WITHOUT EVIDENCE OF IMMUNITY.
6.) PREGNANT WOMEN.
In many countries the vaccine against HERPES ZOSTER is not commercialized, so that the disease can be present with the subsequent POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA (PHN).
In these bibliographical references you will find in addition to the aforementioned VACCINES, therapeutical alternatives for subsequent POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA, I mention some of them:
1.) TOPIC CAPSAICIN.
2.) CORTICOESTEROIDS.
3.) ACICLOVIR.
4.) VALACICLOVIR.
5.) FAMCICLOVIR.
6.) NEURAL BLOCKING.
7.) TOPICAL LIDOCAINE.
8.) TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS: AMITRIPTYLINE, NORTRIPTYLIN.
9.) GABAPENTIN.
10.) PREGABALIN.
11.) TRAMADOL.
12.) IBUPROFEN.
13.) CODEIN.
14.) RADIOFREQUENCY.
15.) VITAMIN C.
16.) BOTULINIC TOXIN.
17.) THALIDOMIDE.
18.) LEVODOPA.
19.) PHOTOTHERAPY: ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT B
20.) TRIAMCINOLONE.
21.) BRIBUDIN.
Currently in 2.017 another vaccine is being developed under the
name of: HZ / SU SUBUNIT that combines a key surface glycoprotein (E) of
the virus VARICELLA ZOSTER (VZV) with a T cell reinforcing agent
(AS01B), To be used in both HERPES ZOSTER and POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA
(PHN).
At this link, you'll find the latest update on HERPES ZOSTER, POST-HERPETIC NEURALGIA, VACCINES (2025), and other alternatives.
At this link, you'll find the latest update on FAMCICLOVIR and VALACICLOVIR (2025).
Greetings to all. !
Dr. Jose Lapenta.
Dr. Jose M. Lapenta.
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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS / BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
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1.) Safety and immunogenicity of a Herpes Zoster subunit vaccine in Japanese population aged ≥50 years when administered subcutaneously vs. intramuscularly.
2.) Prevention of Herpes Zoster and its complications: From clinical evidence to real life experience.
Gabutti G1, Bonanni P2, Conversano M3, Fanelli G4, Franco E5, Greco D6, Icardi G7, Lazzari M5,
3.) [Herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in the elderly: Particularities in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment].
4.) Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated varicella-zoster virus vaccine in adults with hematologic malignancies receiving treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies.
5.) Efficacy of the Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Adults 70 Years of Age or Older.
6.) Prevention of herpes zoster and its complications: from the clinic to the real-life experience with the vaccine.
7.) Fatal disseminated varicella zoster infection following zoster vaccination in an immunocompromised patient.
8.) Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults.
9.) A Unique Case of Herpes Zoster Within One Week of Varicella Zoster Vaccination.
10.) [Vaccines against Herpes zoster: Effectiveness, safety, and cost/benefit ratio].
11.) Determining the Optimal Vaccination Schedule for Herpes Zoster: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
12.) Shingles (Herpes Zoster) Vaccine (Zostavax(®)): A Review in the Prevention of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia.
13.) Shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine (zostavax(®)): a review of its use in the prevention of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in adults aged ≥50 years.
14.) Zoster vaccine (Zostavax): a review of its use in preventing herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults.
15.) Vaccination: a new option to reduce the burden of herpes zoster.
16.) Cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster.
17.) Long-term persistence of zoster vaccine efficacy.
18.) Zoster Vaccine and the Risk of Postherpetic Neuralgia in Patients Who Developed Herpes Zoster Despite Having Received the Zoster Vaccine.
19.) Herpes zoster vaccine effectiveness against incident herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in an older US population: a cohort study.
20.) Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness in the United States of a vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults.
21.) Immunogenicity and Safety of a Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine (ZOSTAVAX™) in Korean Adults.
22.) Acute Cardiovascular Events after Herpes Zoster: A Self-Controlled Case Series Analysis in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Older Residents of the United States.
23.) Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction After Herpes Zoster in Older Adults in a US Community Population.
24.) Treatment patterns of postherpetic neuralgia patients before and after the launch of pregabalin and its effect on medical costs: Analysis of Japanese claims data provided by Japan Medical Data Center.
25.) HLA-A33 and -B44 and susceptibility to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
26.) Gabapentin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a randomized
controlled trial.
27.) Nortriptyline versus amitriptyline in postherpetic neuralgia: a
randomized trial.
28.) [Lidocaine tape (Penles--a dressing tape based on 60% lidocaine-)
reduces the pain of postherpetic neuralgia].
29.) Efficacy of oxycodone in neuropathic pain: a randomized trial in
postherpetic neuralgia.
30.) The Effectiveness and Safety of Topical Capsaicin in Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
31.) Effects of applying nerve blocks to prevent postherpetic neuralgia in patients with acute herpes zoster: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
32.) Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia with 5% lidocaine medicated plaster in elderly patients - subgroup analyses from three European clinical trials.
33.) A Study of Intravenous Administration of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Acute Herpetic Pain and Postherpetic Neuralgia.
34.) Treatment of Neuropathic Pain Using Pulsed Radiofrequency: A Meta-analysis.
35.) Economic Burden of Herpes Zoster ("culebrilla") in Latin America.
36.) Efficacy of gabapentin for prevention of postherpetic neuralgia: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial.
37.) [Use of intracutaneous or subcutaneous botulinum toxin for postherpetic neuralgia].
38.) Economic evaluation of famciclovir in reducing the duration of
postherpetic neuralgia.
39.) Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia.
40.) [Treatment of post-herpes zoster pain with tramadol. Results of an open pilot study versus clomipramine with or without levomepromazine].
41.) Famciclovir for the treatment of acute herpes zoster: effects on acute disease and postherpetic neuralgia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Collaborative Famciclovir Herpes Zoster Study Group.
42.) The role of antivirals in the management of neuropathic pain in the older patient with herpes zoster.
43.) A randomized trial of acyclovir for 7 days or 21 days with and without
prednisolone for treatment of acute herpes zoster [see comments]
44.) Thalidomide: use and possible mode of action in reactional lepromatous leprosy and in various other conditions.
45.) Administration of levodopa for relief of herpes zoster pain.
46.) Treatment of zoster and postzoster neuralgia by the intralesional
injection of triamcinolone: a computer analysis of 199 cases.
47.) Epidural injection of local anesthetic and steroids for relief of pain
secondary to herpes zoster.
48.) Determining the Optimal Vaccination Schedule for Herpes Zoster: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.
49.) Efficacy of varicella (VZV) vaccination: an update for the clinician.
50.) Prevention of postherpetic neuralgia with varicella-zoster hyperimmune globulin.
51.) Broad-band ultraviolet B phototherapy in zoster patients may reduce the incidence and severity of postherpetic neuralgia.
52.) [Update in the treatment of herpes zoster].
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