ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, CLASIFICACIÓN Y CÓDIGOS. /LYME DISEASE, CLASSIFICATION AND CODES.

ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, CLASIFICACIÓN Y CODIGOS.

  LYME DISEASE, CLASSIFICATION AND CODES.

ESTE ARTICULO FUE PUBLICADO EN LA REVISTA INTERNACIONAL OMEGA PUBLISHERS EL 01 DICIEMBRE 2.018

"Yo forme parte del COMITÉ MUNDIAL para la lucha contra la enfermedad de LYME en calidad de  REVISOR EXPERTO, y prácticamente fue mi persona, con otros investigadores quien ordenó TODA LA HISTORIA de aparición de los síntomas cronológicamente desde que comenzaron, en esta publicación y la que le sigue. Esta publicación la hice con el fin de que la O.M.S. aceptara todos los CÓDIGOS, hecho que se dio en 2019, y lamentablemente NO Ocurrió, sobre todo con el hecho que está plenamente demostrado que la enfermedad de Lyme se transmite Congénitamente de la madre infectada al feto. No vale la pena mencionar las razones que impidieron la aprobación de esos CÓDIGOS."

           

Puedes encontrar la publicación oficial de este articulo en este link: La página magazine online Omega publisher "desapareció" de la internet, pero en sitios Clasificados como Semanthicsholar.org y academia.edu encontrareis la publicación:

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/UNDERSTANDING-THE-LYME-DISEASE%2C-CLASSIFICATION-AND-Lapenta-Internationals/a5d97f15d08c9ea16c751e2f920e518095cb36a9

https://www.academia.edu/121184643/Understanding_the_Lyme_Disease_Classification_and_Codes

EDITORIAL ESPAÑOL
=================

Hola amigos de la red DERMAGIC te trae hoy otro tema interesante sobre la muy bien conocida ERITEMA MIGRANS o ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, transmitida por la picadura de una GARRAPATA, del genero IXODES siendo el agente causal una ESPIROQUETA, bien conocida como BORRELIA BURDORGFERI, descrita por primera vez por WILLY BURGDORFER en el año 1.981,  y previamente conocida como ARTRITIS DE LYME. Hoy te traigo LOS CÓDIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME. 

 Actualmente  a nivel mundial la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME se ha convertido en un gran problema de salud pública, debido al aumento anual de los casos, que en los Estados unidos asciende a unos 380.000, casos nuevos anuales, 2 veces más que el cáncer  de mama y 6 veces más que el SIDA, y mas allá de esto, la falta de modernización de los CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD a nivel de SOFTWARE o DIGITAL, Estos no aparecen actualmente y deben ser reconocidos para que los pacientes puedan ser tratados a tiempo.

Los eventos que presento a continuación están altamente relacionados con esta falta de "CODIFICACIÓN" de la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME y sus diferentes formas de manifestarse clínicamente: 

1.) DIFICULTAD PARA HACER EL DIAGNÓSTICO:
=======================================
Ya bien es conocido que algunos TEST, para diagnosticar la enfermedad dan como resultado "NEGATIVO" por la habilidad que tiene el agente causal, la espiroqueta BORRELIA de "esconderse (BIOFILM) ante las pruebas diagnosticas. Muchos pacientes con síntomas de diferentes enfermedades como MENINGITIS, ARTRITIS, y  FIEBRE RECURRENTE, en etapas tardías se descubre que son LYME "POSITIVOS" luego de hacerse múltiples pruebas para el diagnostico, perdiéndose un TIEMPO VALIOSO para iniciar un tratamiento adecuado, y lo peor es que el desarrollo crónico de estos síntomas, daña la calidad de vida de los pacientes que son desasistidos por no tener UN DIAGNÓSTICO ESPECÍFICO.

2.) RESISTENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO CONVENCIONAL:
============================================
Otro de los aspectos a considerar es que la BORRELIA  y sus especies con el tiempo han desarrollado una "GRAN RESISTENCIA" a la terapia convencional con los consabidos tratamientos antibióticos: MINOCICLINA, DOXICICLINA, AMOXICILINA, CEFUROXIMA, y OTROS, llevando a los pacientes a la desesperación al producirse la cronificación de los síntomas.  La ENFERMEDAD DE LYME tiene CUATRO ETAPAS CLASICAMENTE conocidas: INICIAL (I), SECUNDARIA (II), TARDIA (III) Y CRONICA (IV). 

3.) LA FALTA DE MODERNIZACION DE LOS CODIGOS PARA LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME:
=====================================================================
En este mundo moderno y GLOBALIZADO, la digitalización y la informática se han convertido en elementos esenciales y todo o casi todo TIENE UN CODIGO, aun las ENFERMEDADES a nivel de software, y en el caso de la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME estos deben ser ACTUALIZADOS, y esto se hace en base a las EVIDENCIAS REPORTES, ESTUDIOS Y PUBLICACIONES de las distintas manifestaciones de la enfermedad. 
 
Entonces te estarás preguntando porque la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME necesita la actualización de sus CODIGOS? Si tú te metes en la Organización Mundial de La Salud (WHO) y buscas LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, solo encontraras DOS (2) menciones en el tema ZOONOSIS, transmisión por GARRAPATAS: LYME DISEASE y FIEBRE RECURRENTE (BORRELIOSIS), y los últimos reportes relevantes en cuanto a  estudios de la enfermedad por la OMS  datan de los años 1.993 y 1.995: 

1.) WHO Workshop on Lyme Borreliosis Diagnosis and Surveillance. Warsaw, Poland, 20-22 June 1995, Ref: WHO/CDS/VPH/95.141: 

Los países involucrados fueron: Austria, Bulgaria, Republica Checa, Dinamarca, Yugoslavia, Francia, Hungría, Irlanda, Japón< Holanda, Polonia, Rusia, Suecia, Suiza, Reino Unido y Estados Unidos.
 
2.) Report of a WHO Workshop on Lyme Borreliosis. Piestany, Slovak Republic, 6 October 1993, Ref: WHO/CDS/VPH/93.132:
 
Los países involucrados: Alemania, Eslovaquia y Estados Unidos. Si te lees esos reportes podrás notar que están TOTALMENTE DESACTUALIZADOS en cuanto a la REALIDAD de la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME hoy día.
 
 Y yo como siempre te voy a dar la respuesta: 

Te voy a colocar acá mas de 270 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS clasificadas en base a las distintas manifestaciones de LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME o LYME BORRELIOSIS que son suficientes para RECONOCER que mas allá de "ENFERMEDAD DE LYME" Y "FIEBRE RECURRENTE (BORRELIOSIS) hay otras manifestaciones de la BORRELIOSIS que deben ser CODIFICADAS, DIGITALIZADAS, para darle una total cobertura a la ENFERMEDAD y búsqueda de sus manifestaciones clínicas.  

Esta "AUSENCIA" de CODIGOS provoca que muchos pacientes portadores de LYME no sean atendidos ADECUADAMENTE, pues NO "APARECEN EN EL SISTEMA" con sus respectivas consecuencias.

Aquí me hago la INOCENTE pregunta, esto que ocurre es "DESCONOCIMIENTO" o "INTENCIONADO"? porque reconocer todos estos CÓDIGOS IMPLICARÍA más gasto publico por parte del Estado y de las compañías de seguros.

Aquí te pongo la CLASIFICACIÓN  y luego las referencias: 

1.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME CONGENITA:  Potencial infección del Feto con posibilidad de Muerte:

- LYME BORRELIOSIS EN MUJER EMBARAZADA.
-  ERLIQUIOSIS Y BORRELIOSIS EN MUJER EMBARAZADA.
-  ORIGEN DE LAS INFECCIONES EN RECIÉN NACIDOS MUERTOS.
- TRANSMISIÓN INTRAUTERINA DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI EN PERROS.

2.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: INFECCION PRIMARIA: 

-  RECIÉN NACIDO MUERTO DE MUJER EMBARAZADA CON ENFERMEDAD DE LYME.
- LYME BORRELIOSIS, IMPLICACION PARA EL FETO.
- BORRELIOSIS FETAL, TOXEMIA DEL EMBARAZO Y MUERTE FETAL.
- ERITEMA MIGRANS EN EL EMBARAZO.
- TRANSMISIÓN MATERNO FETAL DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME.
- BORRELIA BURDOGFERI EN RECION NACIDO.

A.) INFECCIÓN PRIMARIA Y ERITEMA MIGRANS. 

- ERITEMA MIGRANS PRIMARIO Y SECUNDARIO.

B.) INFECCIÓN PRIMARIA SERONEGATIVA.

- ANTIGENOS NEGATIVOS CONTRA BORRELIA BURGDORFERI EN FLUIDO CEREBRO ESPINAL EN ENFERMEDAD DE LYME NEUROLOGICA.
- ENFERMEDAD DE LYME SERONEGATIVA.
- NEUROBORRELIOSIS RECURRENTE CRÓNICA SERONEGATIVA.

3.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: INFECCION PERSISTENTE EN LA ETAPA SECUNDARIA Y TARDIA:

- INFECCIÓN PERSISTENTE A ANTIBIÓTICOS DOXIXICLINA Y AMOXICILINA.
- AISLAMIENTO DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI DE IRIS OCULAR.
- SOBREVIVENCIA DE BORRELIA BURGDORFERI LUEGO DE ANTIBIÓTICO TERAPIA.

4.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: INFECCION SECUNDARIA Y TARDIA:

A.) MANIFESTACIONES CUTÁNEAS:

- LINFOCITOMA POR BORRELIA (BL).
- ACRODERMATITIS ATROFICA.
-  GRANULOMA ANULAR.
- MORFEA.
- ESCLERODERMIA LOCALIZADA.
- LIQUEN ESCLEROSO Y ATROFICO.

B.) OTRAS MANIFESTACIONES CUTÁNEAS:

- INFILTRADO LINFOCITICO BENIGNO  DE JESSNER KANOF.
- ACRODERMATITIS DE GIANOTTI CROSTI.
- ERITEMA MULTIFORME ATÍPICO.
- VASCULITIS URTICARIANA.

5.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME DE LA PIEL Y MEMBRANAS MUCOSAS:

- ASOCIACIÓN DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME CON LA ENFERMEDAD DE MORGELLON.
- ALOPECIA DIFUSA.
- ESCLERODERMIA EN GOLPE DE SABLE.
- PSEUDOPELADA DE BROCQ.

6.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: OTRAS LESIONES:

- ANETODERMA.
- ERITEMA MIGRANS PRIMARIO Y SECUNDARIO EN NIÑOS.

7.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME SECUNDARIA Y TARDIA: MENINGITIS, OCULOPATIA, IRIDOCICLITIS , IRISTIS, UVEITIS.

A.) LYME MENINGITIS.
B.) LYME OCULOPATIA.
C.)  LYME IRIDOCICLITIS, IRITIS Y UVEITIS.

8.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: NEFRITIS SECUNDARIA Y TARDÍA, HEPATITIS, LINFADENOPATIA, MIOSITIS Y OTRAS.

A.) LYME NEFRITIS.
B.) LYME HEPATITIS.
C.)  LYME LINFADENOPATIA.
D.) LYME MIOSITIS.
E.) OTRAS CONDICIONES:

- SÍNTOMAS PERPLEJOS.
- PANCITOPENIA.
- SINTOMAS OCULARES.

9.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA: MANIFESTACIONES CARDIOVASCULARES:

A.) ANEURISMA AORTICO.
B.) ANEURISMA DE ARTERIAS CORONARIAS.
C.) ENDOCARDITIS TARDIA.
D.) CARDITIS.
E.) BLOQUEO ATRIOVENTRICULAR.

10.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME: NEUROBORRELIOSIS TARDIA (NB), NEURITIS O NEUROPATIA, NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) CON INFARTOS CEREBRALES, PARKINSONISM O Y  ENCEFALITIS.

A.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NJB) TARDIA SINTOMÁTICA.
B.) NEURITIS O NEUROPATÍA TARDIA.
C.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) MENINGOVASCULAR CON INFARTOS CEREBRALES.
D.) ANEURISMA INTRACRANEANO.
E.)  PARKINSONISMO.
F.) ENCEFALITIS TARDIA.
G.) EMBOLIA POR NEUROBORRELIOSIS.
H.) NEUROBORRELIOSIS (NB) SINTOMAS INESPECÍFICOS:

- ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA (NEUROBORRELIOSIS: COMPARACION Y EVIDENCIA DE LAS ESPIROQUETAS Y LA NEUROSIFILIS TARDIA.
- EVIDENCIAS ENTRE LA INFECCIÓN POR ESPIROQUETAS Y LA ENFERMEDAD DE ALZHEIMER.

11.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA: NEUROBORRELIOSIS, MENINGOENCEFALITIS O MENINGOMIELOENCEFALITIS TARDIA.

12.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDIA: FORMA ATROFICA DE MENINGOENCEFALITIS CON DEMENCIA Y DEMENCIA SUBAGUDA PRESENIL Y MANIFESTACIONES NEUROSIQUIATRICAS.

13.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDÍA: HUESOS, ARTICULACIONES Y MANIFESTACIONES MUSCULO ESQUELETICAS.

14.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME TARDÍA: OCULOPATIA, HIGADO, RIÑON Y MANIFESTACIONES RESPIRATORIAS.

A.) OCULOPATIA.
B.) HÍGADO Y OTRAS VISCERAS.
C.) RIÑÓN Y URETER.
D.) BRONQUIOS Y PULMONES.

15.) ENFERMEDAD DE LYME LATENTE: SINTOMAS INESPECÍFICOS.

A.) INFECCIÓN DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL.
B.) HERPES SIMPLE TIPO 1.
C.) ENFERMEDADES POR ESPIROQUETAS DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL.

Esta CLASIFICACIÓN que acabas de leer es un resumen de las 280 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS  que te describo abajo las cuales puedes encontrar en las mejores BASES DE DATOS cientificas como PUBMED, MEDSCAPE, LILACS etc, si tienes alguna duda has un COPIA y PEGA de cualquiera de ellas,  la colocas en tu navegador y obtendrás la información EXACTA en las mencionadas BASES DE DATOS.

Como podrás ver, existen suficientes EVIDENCIAS, para ACTUALIZAR los CÓDIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME en todos los sistemas INFORMATICOS DEL PLANETA, para darle una cobertura TOTAL al diagnostico y tratamiento de esta enfermedad que a mi modo particular de ver se está convirtiendo en la NUEVA PLAGA del SIGLO XXI.

Lee aquí el segundo Capitulo de:

CLASIFICACIÓN Y CODIGOS DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE  LYME II 

Pero esto no termina aquí, de pronto piensas que faltan algunos detalles, algunas o varias interrogantes, las cuales te voy a explicar en la PROXIMA EDICION:
 
ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, SÍFILIS Y LEPRA, EL ESLABÓN PERDIDO.  

NO TE LA PIERDAS !!!

En las referencias los hechos...

Saludos a Todos.

Dr. josé Lapenta. Dermatólogo
Dr. José M. Lapenta Md. Pediatra.

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THE POST-LYME DISEASE TREATMENT SYNDROME (PTLDS) A REVIEW OF ITS ORIGIN AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPHERE.

THE POST-LYME DISEASE TREATMENT SYNDROME (PTLDS) A REVIEW OF ITS ORIGIN AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SPHERE. !!!

The Post-Lyme Disease Treatment Syndrome (PTLDS) a review of its origin and its consequences in the socio-economic sphere.

Lapenta J1*, Lapenta JM2

1Lapenta, J.  Medic Surgeon, Specialty Dermatology. Member of the Ad Hoc committee for the Lyme disease codes ICD-11 as an expert reviewer, University of Carabobo, Venezuela. Ceo Dermagic Express.

2Lapenta, J.M. Medic Surgeon. University of Carabobo. Diplomat in  Body and Facial Aesthetics, Occupational Medicine, Prehospital Auxiliary, and Integral Ultrasound.  Resident Doctor Ambulatorio Del Norte Maracay Aragua State. Coo Dermagic Express.

*Corresponding author: Lapenta J, Medic Surgeon, Specialty Dermatology, 24 years of exercise. University of Carabobo, Venezuela, Email: www.dermagicexpress.blogspot.com

ABSTRACT

In the 90s began to describe a set of signs and symptoms in patients who after being diagnosed with Lyme disease, which is caused by the bite of a tick, which transmits the spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi, living agent that causes all this symptomatology. These symptoms that were described months after having concluded the treatment of the disease began to be reported by various scientists around the world and were called Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS), mainly characterized by cognitive deterioration, recurring headaches, fatigue, memory problems, musculoskeletal pain and many others. For some organizations the syndrome is true, for others it is only a psychosomatic disease squeal of Lyme disease, leaving out of treatment the thousands of people who present these symptoms after treatment of Lyme today; there is now a great controversy surrounding this issue. In this research we will make a chronological description of this post-Lyme syndrome, when it appeared, its symptoms and if it really deserves to be recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the new ICD-11 codes whose deadline for it is May of 2,019. In addition to this aspect, clarify the true meaning of this term and scope in medical and non medical society; also propose a treatment for this disease that could eliminate this bacterium that is causing so much deterioration in the affected population worldwide.

MAIN OBJECTIVE

• Make a chronological description of the post treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) from its beginnings to the present, its clinical characteristics in all affected age groups regardless of sex, age, race and nations.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES

• Determine if this Post Lyme Syndrome is a scientific reality that should be:

• Considered within the new ICD-11 codes (International Classification of Diseases year 2.018). ?

• It is a sequential psychosomatic disease after the treatment of Lyme disease. ?

• It really exists as a clinical entity but its term or definition is poorly implemented. ?

• Propose a new alternative treatment for Lyme disease that would mainly cover the second, third and sequel of the same, a topic that we are considering in the present investigation.

METHODS

The methods to be used are fundamentally based on making an analysis of all the databases and articles published in this regard, both for or against Lyme disease post treatment syndrome (PTLDS), fundamentally the National Library of Medicine of the USA. (Pubmed, Medline). Scientific and technical literature on Health in Latin America and the Caribbean (LILACS), and Europe (SCOPUS, EMBASE); make a chronological description of the post-treatment syndrome of Lyme disease from the first time it was mentioned in the scientific literature to the present day, highlighting the most relevant. Consider based on the findings found the objectives we set, determine if this syndrome is a reality, is a psychosomatic disease or its definition is poorly structured, describing the term given to this syndrome by the CDC (Center for the control and prevention of Diseases) and the one described by the scientists in their investigations. In addition to that, we will explain why this term is causing so much controversy today, before few months of the recognition of the new ICD-11 codes for Lyme disease; and finally we will propose a new treatment that should be considered by the world health authorities for the treatment of this disease.

In the chronology of post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) we will highlight the most relevant ones in the timeline, describing the term first, by the health authorities (CDC) and by the scientists concerned to study these clinical manifestations.

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF THE TERM ACCORDING TO THE CDC

The CDC says textually: “Lyme disease is an infection caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. In the majority of cases, it is successfully treated with oral antibiotics. Physicians sometimes describe patients who have non-specific symptoms (like fatigue, pain, and joint and muscle aches) after the treatment of Lyme disease as having post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) or post Lyme disease syndrome (PLDS). The cause of PTLDS is not known.”

The CDC also dismisses the use of the term "Chronic Lyme Disease" (CLD), arguing that this term is confusing in the scientific community and has been used at times to describe symptoms in patients who "never had actual or past contact" with Borrelia Burgdorferi infection. [1]

In summary: for the CDC, one of the entities perhaps the most important in the USA, this Post-treatment of Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) is of "unknown cause" and in addition he alleges that the term "Chronic Lyme Disease" (CLD) should not be used, it does not exist, because most patients are "cured" with adequate antibiotic therapy.

DEFINITION OF THE TERM ACCORDING TO THE RESEARCHERS:

Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium Borrelia Burgorferi. Many patients, months or years after being properly diagnosed and treated with antibiotic therapy, show persistent neurological and organic symptoms (post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS), among which the following stand out: cognitive alterations: memory loss, verbal flexibility, association, speed of thought, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, weakness and many others, being the cause of this a chronic encephalopathy caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi when reach brain, because this bacterium as Treponema pallidum (syphilis) is highly neurotropic what it means that it has an affinity for nerves and brain tissue. [2]

Also many, perhaps most researchers recognize the term "Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD), widely described in the literature [2], and that would be the same post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). In addition, they consider that in many cases the diagnosis was made late due to failures in the blood tests and resistance to the treatment with antibiotics.

In summary: for the scientific community, the term "post-treatment of Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS)" is a reality and, in many cases, the cause of this is a chronic encephalopathy that causes the symptoms. The failure of the treatment with antibiotics, or the late establishment of it by missdiagnoses, could contribute in all that symptomatology; therefore, there was no "success in healing", which contradicts what was stated by the CDC.

CHRONOLOGIC EVOLUTION

1.990-2.000

In the year 1.991 Krupp, L.B, et al. [3], describes 15 patients treated for Lyme Borreliosis who complained of persistent cognitive difficulty after 6 to 7 months of treatment with antibiotic therapy; they were compared with 10 healthy controls. Post-Lyme patients showed a marked deterioration in cognitive tests: memory loss mainly in selective recognition; memory deterioration did not correlate with anti-Borrelia burgoderferi antibodies in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, nor was evidence found in magnetic resonances made to affected patients or to symptoms of depression. The authors conclude that it is an encephalopathy of unknown cause, where factors such as the sequel of systemic infection by Borrelia and other toxic metabolic factors may be partly responsible for these symptoms.

Perhaps this represents the first study, about what later was and is called post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS), or Post-Lyme syndrome (PLS) because patients were evaluated months after receiving treatment and presented neurological damage symptomatology in this case chronic encephalopathy. [3]

Note: In all the previous studies of Lyme Neuroborreliosis this term is not mentioned, it is spoken of the chronic manifestations of the disease as part of the second or late phase of the same, but not with the term "post-treatment" until 1.991 where these researchers publish this study. [2-3]

1.995

After the description of Krupp et al., another scientists Benke, T. et al. [4], in the year of 1995, published a study on 20 patients with Lyme Borreliosis previously diagnosed several years earlier, with an average of 4.3 years after the acute phase of Lyme, compared with a control group; This study revealed that patients with Lyme revealed deficits in verbal memory, mental flexibility, verbal associative functions and vocal articulation. The authors suggest that these findings are similar to those reported by Krupp et al. in 1991 and reaffirm that it is an encephalopathy associated with a long-term neuropsychological deficit that predominantly affects internal functions. [4]

1.996

One year later Bujak, DI. Et al. in 1.996  published a study of 23 patients of 23 years of age after had Lyme positively tested with ELISA, and previously treated with standard antibiotic regimens for the disease; Neurocognitive impairment, persistent arthralgia, fatigue and memory loss were evaluated, finding the following facts: 7 patients (30%) had fibromyalgia, 3 (13%) had chronic fatigue syndrome and 22 of 23 (almost 100%), they complained about memory problems or decreased concentration. The scores for the attention scale, verbal memory, visual memory, sleep problems, mood swings and depression symptoms were higher for Post Lyme patients (PLS) than the normal scales.

The authors conclude that despite treatment with appropriate antibiotics for Lyme disease may be sequels, mainly neurocognitive disorders, persistent arthralgias and fatigue. [5]

1.997

In this year, Gaudino, E.A. et al. published a study to evaluate the differences and similarities between chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and post-Lyme syndrome (PLS) studying 25 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) with exclusion criteria for Lyme disease, 56 healthy controls and 38 patients with Post Lyme syndrome (PLS), seropositive for Borrelia burgdorferi with positive criteria by the CDC for Lyme, who presented symptoms of severe fatigue 6 months after having complied with the treatment of antibiotics for Lyme disease. All the patients underwent structured psychiatric interviews, evaluating: attention tests, verbal memory, verbal fluency and motor speed.

Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and Post Lyme syndrome (PLS) were similar in several somatic symptoms and in the psychiatric profile. Patients with PLS had a worse performance on cognitive tests compared to healthy controls.

The authors conclude that despite the overlap of symptoms, patients with Post Lyme Syndrome (PLS) show greater cognitive deficits than patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) compared to healthy controls. This fact became more evident among patients with PLS who lacked premorbid psychiatric disease. [6]

1.998

Bloom, BJ et al. in 1998 they studied 5 children from the neurocognitive point of view after having been diagnosed with Lyme disease being seropositive for Borrelia burgdorferi, finding intrathecal antibodies against the spirochete. They were treated for 2 to 4 weeks with intravenous ceftriaxone and evaluated comprehensively including detailed neuropsychiatric tests. The main objective of the study was to consider the possibility that Lyme disease after treatment left a sequel in children as well, as it had already been demonstrated in adults.

The 5 children were followed up for a period of 2 to 7 years after the treatment with antibiotic (ceftriaxone) and it was found that months after the treatment the children after having had the classic erythema migrans, cranial neuropathy or Lyme arthritis, developed behavioral changes, forgetfulness, decreased school performance, headache, fatigue and in two cases complex seizure disorders.

The five patients were found IgG antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in serum, intrathecal IgG antibodies and two of them pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Despite normal intellectual functioning, the five children had mild to moderate impairments in auditory or visual sequential processing.

The authors conclude that children can develop neurocognitive symptoms together with or after the classic manifestations of Lyme disease, and attribute it to an infectious or postinfectious encephalopathy related to Borrelia Burgdorferi, confirming previous studies in adults [7], [3], [4].

In this study it was demonstrated that the post-treatment syndrome of Lyme disease (PTLDS) not only affects adults, but also children can be affected, and it is reaffirmed that the cause of it is an encephalopathy caused by the infection of the Borrelia burgdorferi.

1.999

In the year of 1.999 Elkins LE, et al. published a work on 30 patients with Post Lyme Syndrome (PLS), who were surveyed to determine the neuropsychological status found as a fundamental aspect that: the mood of PLS ​​participants was characterized by reduced levels of positive affect (PA) and typical levels of negative affect, concluding that the authors that these symptoms are the most useful markers in patients with Post Lyme Syndrome (PLS). [8]

That same year of 1,999 Kaplan RF, et al. conducted a study where they claim that a small group of patients with Lyme develop encephalopathic symptoms mild to moderate months to years after diagnosis and treatment. The most common symptoms reported are fatigue, memory loss, sleep disorders and depression with a controversial etiology of the syndrome (PLS). The study was done comparing patients with Lyme and abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), patients with Lyme and normal CSF and healthy controls. Both groups with Lyme showed memory deficits, but more accentuated and measurable in those with abnormal CSF; they also showed higher score in the depression aspect in relation to healthy controls. [9]

2.000-2.001

In the year 2001 Klemper MS, et al. conducted a study to test the efficacy of antibiotic treatment in Lyme-positive patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme disease. Two groups of patients were studied: 78 seropositive patients and 51 seronegative patients for Borrelia Burgdorferi. Patients received intravenous ceftriaxone, 2 g daily for 30 days, followed by oral doxycycline, 200 mg daily for 60 days, or corresponding oral and intravenous placebos. Each patient had well documented and treated Lyme disease, and had persistent musculoskeletal pain, or dysesthesia associated with fatigue. 

The authors conclude that there is a considerable deterioration in health-related quality of life among patients with persistent symptoms despite prior treatment for acute Lyme disease. In these two trials treatment with oral or intravenous antibiotics for 90 days did not improve symptoms more than placebo. [10]

This year of 2.001 Morgen K, et al. performed a brain magnetic resonance (MR) study in 27 patients with post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome to try to help identify the pathological mechanisms of the disease. Of the total, four (4) patients had focal neurological deficits, recurrent remitting disease and lesions in a typical electron microscopy (EM) distribution; 23 (85%) patients presented non-focal symptoms, such as fatigue, subjective memory deficiencies and mood disorders. Twelve of these patients (44%) had normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); 10 (37%) had mainly punctate and subcortical lesions, and one patient had multiple periventricular lesions.

The authors conclude that in a portion of patients with Lyme disease syndrome after treatment, hyperintensities of the white matter tend to occur in subcortical arteriolar watershed areas and are not specific. [11]

These last two studies show conclusively two facts: 1.) Many patients DO NOT IMPROVE with long-term antibiotics after presenting chronic symptoms post Lyme and 2.) It is demonstrated that there are obvious findings of the damage of the cerebral white matter in post-Lyme patients treatment, found by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

This means that in the line of time and for the 90s and the beginning of the 2000s, a harsh reality is uncovered: Lyme disease is an illness that in many cases becomes chronic, months or years after having started his symptoms, even after having disappeared also after proper treatment.

To not make it longer we will place you the most frequent symptoms found and described by other qualified scientists in the almost last 20 years about Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD) or post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS):

2.001-2.018

CHRONIC LYME DISEASE SYMPTOMS:

1.) Fatigue and lack of resistance,

2.) Nocturnal sweating.

3.) Pale, dark circle under the eyes.

4.) Abdominal pain.

5.) Diarrhea or constipation.

6.) Nausea.

7.) Cardiac anomalies: Lyme carditis 

8.) Orthopedic disorders: sensitivity, spasms and generalized muscle pain, rigidity and / or retarded motion.

9.) Respiratory infections of the superior tract and otitis.

10.) Arthritic disorders and painful joints.

11.) Neurological disorders:

      A.) Headache.

      B.) Drowsiness.

      C.) Loss of memory.

      D.) Convulsions.

      E.)  Facial paralysis

      F.) Irritability.

      G.) Bad mood.

12.) Suicidal thoughts.

13.) Anxiety.

14.) Anger or rage

15.) Hallutinations.

16.) Earning disorders and humor changes:

       A-) Cognitive speaking.

       B-) Speech delay.

       C-) Reading-writing problems.

       D.) Problems of vocal articulation.

       E-) Auditory / visual processing problems.

       F-) Word selection problems.

       G-) Dyslexia.

17.) Aggression or violence.

18.) Irritability,

19.) Emotional disorders.

20.) Depression.

21.) Hyperactivity.

22.) Photophobia.

23.) Gastroesophageal reflux with vomiting and coughing.

24.) Secondary eruptions.

25.) Other eruptions.

26.) Ocular problems: posterior cataracts, myopia, stigmatism, conjunctive erythema 

(Lyme eyes), optical nerve atrophy and / or uveitis.

27.) Sensitivity of skin and noise (hyperacuity).
28.) Demyelinization of the nervous system.[12-45]

Probably there are more, the evidence is that there really are chronic symptoms in Lyme disease, with or without adequate treatment. For no one is a secret of the large number of patients in North America, Europe and Asia who suffer from chronic Lyme. The bibliographical references presented in this research and the others that we have published are too strong. [2-45]

CONCLUSIONS

1.) It is demonstrated that the chronic symptoms of Lyme disease are a reality  both in adults and childrens; some scientists call it:

A.) Chronic Lyme disease (CLD); others:

B.) Syndrome- Post-treatment of Lyme disease (PTLDS).

As we said at the beginning, the CDC does not recognize the term Chronic Lyme Disease (CLD) because it is confusing and alleges that the majority of patients are cured after an adequate treatment with antibiotics. [1]

• With respect to this, we conclude that the CDC is totally wrong because it is demonstrated that months or years after adequate treatments with antibiotics, the patients have the same or worse symptoms, which gives truth to the term: chronic Lyme disease (CLD), which they deny themselves.

On the other hand, the CDC alleges that the term Post-treatment of Lyme disease syndrome  (PTLDS) is used by some scientists to define symptoms after the treatment of the disease and that it is due to “unknown cause”:

• With regard to this aspect, the "so called” Post-treatment of Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS), is the same chronic Lyme disease, consisting of:

A.) Lyme positive patients who were never treated.

B.) Positive Lyme patients who after treatment in acute phase relapsed months or years later, and reached the secondary or late stage with symptoms equal or more severe than at the beginning.

C.) Patients who were misdiagnosed due to lack of effective diagnostic tests and reached the chronic stage. Today the CDC recognizes that its diagnostic tests are not 100% effective.

D.) Well-diagnosed Lyme patients who never responded to the treatments recommended by the CDC.

• We also conclude that the CDC is wrong about the definition of "unknown cause" when most studies and research show that it is a chronic encephalopathy produced by Borrelia Burgdorferi, Either by:

• Its persistence in the bloodstream, cerebrospinal fluid and tissues due to resistance to treatment, under the well-known mechanism of "Biofilm".

• For the generation of neurological damage due to the persistence of Borrelia Burgdorferi in tissues that do not regenerate, such as the nerve cells.

• Or inflammatory processes that remained chronically in the nervous system and tissues after eliminating the causative agent, which is debatable today.

 2.) The coexistence of other diseases such as Erlichiosis, Babesiosis and Bartonella, which at the end, what they do is worsen the symptoms and hinder the treatment.

3.) We find with an unprotected society, the reality is that thousands of patients are discarded as positive Lyme after 4 months of treatment, because the treatment guidelines of the CDC say that in that time or less you will be cured, which we prove is false in a good proportion of patients.

4.) In May is the limit for the recognition of ICD-11 CODES (International classification of diseases, year 2.018) for Lyme disease and some countries refuse to recognize them all, which would make the affected society even worse, I mean the code: Congenital Lyme. [46-51]

5.) The global community of patients with Lyme must organize well and adequately claim from health authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) to recognize the entire Lyme codes, and ensure coverage of their treatment in all levels.

6.) The Syndrome post-treatment of Lyme disease (PTLDS), which is nothing more than the ”chronic symptoms” of the disease, is being used perversely to cover the reality of this disease, avoid coverage by health insurance, and tell the patients: "you have nothing, go to a psychologist ... when your blood and brain are sailing in a sea of ​​Borrelias.

Dr. José Lapenta Dermatologist

Dr. José M. Lapenta Md.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To the Lyme world community that fights for its rights to be treated as real patients and not as psychiatric patients.

To my son J. Miguel MD, for his logistical support and co-author.

To all patients with Lyme especially Stacy Cellier Gomez whose story was quite motivating.

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  Produced by Dr. Jose Lapenta R. Dermatologist

  Maracay Estado Aragua Venezuela 2.018  

           Telf: +58-02432327287-02432328571 

+58-04166401045 +58-04127766810 +58-04142976087  

 

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