The Cyperus Rotundus a Herb That makes grow Hair. !
Cyperus Rotundus, una hierba que hace crecer el cabello. !
EDITORIAL ENGLISH
==================
Hello DERMAGIC friends, the topic of today quite interesting: THE
CYPERUS ROTUNDUS, An herb with medicinal properties. Also known as TIRIRICA, and
"NUTZ GRASS", plant that has been studied for many years, and to
which
They attribute numerous benefits to our body.
Maybe it's the first time you read about on this herb, but if you
check the references well You will find that the CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. (Cyperaceae) has been
found Properties and benefits in clinical conditions such as:
1.) DIABETES.
2.) DIARRHEA.
3.) INFLAMMATION.
4.) MALARIA.
5.) BOWEL INFLAMMATORY DISEASE.
6.) HIRSUTISM.
7.) NEUROPROTECTIVE.
8.) CARDIOPROTECTION.
9.) NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES (PARKINSON, ALZHEIMER).
10.) PHOTO-AGING AND MELANOGENESIS.
11.) HEPATOPROTECTIVE.
12.) ANTICANCEROUS.
13.) ANTILIPIDEMIC.
14.) ANTIMUTAGENIC.
15.) ANTI-UROPHATOGENIC.
16.) OBESITY.
17.) ANTIOXIDANT.
18.) CONVULSIONS.
19.) ANTIBACTERIAL.
20.) ANTIANDROGENIC.
In case you did not know CYPERUS ROTUNDUS is the most researched
plant in the world due to the great concentration of active
ingredients in the form of essential oils, phenolic acids, ascorbic acids and flavonoids in the tuber and rhizomes.
In some countries it is considered as a "bad herb" that does not let
other plants grow well, and there are even works on how to eliminate
cyperus rotundus in orchards and large fields for crops. But lately
his PHYTOPROTECTION was demonstrated in fields contaminated with
CRUDE OIL.
This publication is not new, I did it years ago in the DERMAGIC
EXPRESS, a colleague of BRAZIL, through
A DERMATOLOGICAL LIST, made the comment that he had used the
tubercles of this plant in
Hydroalcohol solution with good results in ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA.
For that time, I did not find any scientific work on CYPERUS
ROTUNDUS in ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA. Neither today,
On the contrary, there are works of its use for HIRSUTISM by its
antiandrogenic effect.
Based on the experience of this Dr. I went to a well-known
pharmacist, DR. BERLIOZ, and I made the comment. The doctor
formulated CYPERUS ROTUNDUS in the form of "CAPILLARY LOTION" and I
tested it in several patients, men and women, the result was AWESOME,
certainly the hair grew in both groups.
The question is: If CYPERUS ROTUNDUS has anti-androgenic effect, why
it has not been used or
Experienced in ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA ??
This publication is dedicated to all RESEARCHERS, colleagues and
patients, with the following message:
"...Tubers of CYPERUS ROTUNDUS, crushed and extracted their
chemical compounds and prepared in hydroalcoholic or oily solution are useful in ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA
..."
Mode of use: once a day at night. Place the solution on the scalp,
massage and Keep it cold. "
An herb that you get in parks and even the garden of your house ...
"MOTHER NATURE PLACES ON OUR WAY, THE PATHS TO CURE OUR ILLNESSES,
CYPERUS
ROTUNDUS IS ONE OF THEM. "..
In the references the facts, in the attach: THE CYPERUS ROTUNDUS.
Greetings to all.
Dr, Jose Lapenta.
EDITORIAL ESPAÑOL
=================
Hola amigos DERMAGICOS, el tema de hoy bastante interesante: EL CYPERUS ROTUNDUS, una hierba con propiedades medicinales. Tambien conocida bajo el nombre de TIRIRICA, y "HIERBA DE LA NUEZ" o "COROCILLO", planta que viene siendo estudiada desde hace muchos años, y a la cual se le atribuyen numerosos beneficios en nuestro organismo.
Quizas es la primera vez que lees algo sobre esta hierba, pero si revisas bien las referencias bibliograficas te encontraras que el CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. (Cyperaceae) se le han encontrado propiedades y beneficios en condiciones clinicas como:
1.) DIABETES.
2.) DIARREA.
3.) INFLAMACION.
4.) MALARIA.
5.) ENFERMEDAD INFLAMATORIA INTESTINAL.
6.) HIRSUTISMO.
7.) NEUROPROTECCION.
8.) CARDIOPROTECCION.
9.) ENFERMEDADES NEURODEGENERATIVAS (PARKINSON, ALZHEIMER).
10.) FOTO-ENVEJECIEMIENTO Y MELANOGENESIS.
11.) HEPATOPROTECTOR.
12.) ANTICANCEROSO.
13.) ANTILIPIDEMICO.
14.) ANTIMUTAGENICO.
15.) ENFERMEDADES DE VIAS URINARIAS.
16.) OBESIDAD.
17.) ANTIOXIDANTE.
18.) CONVULSIONES.
19.) ANTIBACTERIANO.
20.) ANTIANDROGENICO.
Por si no lo sabias EL CYPERUS ROTUNDUS es la planta más investigada en todo el mundo debido a la GRAN concentración de ingredientes activos en forma de aceites esenciales, ácidos fenólicos, ácidos ascórbicos y flavonoides en el tubérculo y rizomas.
En algunos paises es considerado como una "hierba mala" que no deja crecer bien otras plantas, e incluso hay trabajos de como eliminar el cyperus rotundus en algunos sembradios. Pero ultimamente se demostro su FITOPROTECCION en campos contaminados con PETROLEO.
Esta publicacion no es nueva, la hice hace años en el DERMAGIC EXPRESS, una colega de BRASIL, a traves de una LISTA DERMATOLOGICA, hizo el comentario de que habia utilizado los tuberculos de esta planta en solucion hidroalcolica con buenos resultados en la ALOPECIA ANDROGENICA.
Para esa epoca no encontre ningun trabajo cientifico sobre el CYPERUS ROTUNDUS en ALOPECIA ANDROGENICA. Hoy tampoco, al contrario hay trabajos de su uso para el HIRSUTISMO por su efecto antiandrogenico.
Basado en la experiencia de esta Dra fui donde un farmaceuta conocido, DR. BERLIOZ, y le hice el comentario. El Dr. formulo EL CYPERUS ROTUNDUS en forma de "LOCION CAPILAR" y lo probe en varios pacientes, hombres y mujeres, el resultado fue IMPRESIONANTE, ciertamente el cabello crecio en ambos grupos.
La pregunta es la siguiente: si el CYPERUS ROTUNDUS tiene efecto antiandrogenico, porque no ha sido utilizado o experimentado en la ALOPECIA ANDROGENICA ??
Esta publicacion va dedicada a todos los INVESTIGADORES, colegas y pacientes, con el siguiente mensaje:
..." Los tuberculos del CYPERUS ROTUNDUS, triturados y extraidos sus componentes quimicos y preparados en solucion hidroalcolica u oleosa son utiles en la ALOPECIA ANDROGENICA..."
Modo de uso: una sola vez al dia en las noches. Colocar la solucion en el cuero cabelludo, dar masaje y conservarla en frio."
Una hierba que la consigues en parques y hasta el jardin de tu casa...
"LA MADRE NATURALEZA NOS PONE EN EL CAMINO, VIAS PARA CURAR NUESTRAS ENFERMEDADES, EL CYPERUS ROTUNDUS ES UNA DE ELLAS.."
En las referencias los hechos, en el adjunto: EL CYPERUS ROTUNDUS.
Saludos a todos.
Dr. Jose Lapenta.
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REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS / BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
==================================================================
1.) TIRIRICA / CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
2.) Table-maker: Phytochemicals of Cyperus rotundus
3.) Cyperus rotundus L. (CYPERACEAE) (SEDGE FAMILY)
"Purple nutsedge" "Sa'ad" "hasir" "si'd"
4.) TIRIRICA Cyperus rotundus
5.) BALAKALPAM (PRODUCT NO 1 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
6.) HEPATONE (PRODUCT NO 2 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
7.) Cyperus rotundus L. / Healthcare Properties
8.) The ameliorating effects of the cognitive-enhancing chinese herbs on
scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
9.) Rotundines A-C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus.
10.) Effect of feeding tagernut (Cyperus rotundus, L) meal on the performance of rabbits.
11.) Antimalarial sesquiterpenes from tubers of Cyperus rotundus: structure of
10,12-peroxycalamenene, a sesquiterpene endoperoxide.
12.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR), Ligusticum chuangxiong Hort (LC) and Peaonia
veitchii lynch (PV) on the
hemorheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats].
13.) [Revision on the type of leaf trace bundles of Cyperus rotundus L].
14.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),tail of Angelica
sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR),Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC) and
Paeonia veitchii Lynch (PV) on the
hemorrheological changes in normal rats].
15.) [Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric
mucosa with xiao wei yan powder].
16.) Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a
chloralkali plant. IV. Bioconcentration of mercury in in situ aquatic and
terrestrial plants at Ganjam, India.
17.) Antimalarial compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety from Tanzanian
medicinal plants.
18.) Antimalarial activity of Tanzanian medicinal plants.
19.) Effect of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus Linn) on reserpine-induced emesis in pigeons.
20.) Pharmacological studies to isolate the active constituents from Cyperus
rotundus possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities.
21.) Characterization of ferredoxin from nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L., and
other species with a high photosynthetic capacity.
22.) A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus.
23.) CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT OIL
24.) POSSIBILITIES OF SOIL SOLARIZATION FOR THE ERRADICATION OF Cyperus
rotundus L. AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF SALINE SOILS
25.) Control Of Nut Grass (Cyperus Rotundus) In Asparagus. 26.) Neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of the combined extract of Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale.
27.) Novel Food Supplement "CP1" Improves Motor Deficit, Cognitive Function, and
Neurodegeneration in Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.
28.) Effect of Cyperus Rotundus on Cytokine Gene Expression in Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
29.) α-Cyperone of Cyperus rotundus is an effective candidate for reduction of inflammation by destabilization of microtubule fibers in brain.
30.) Identification of Neuroactive Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Cyperi Rhizoma Using Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation.
30.) Isocyperol, isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via suppression of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways and ROS stress in LPS-stimulated
RAW 264.7 cells.
31.) Valencene from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Inhibits Skin Photoaging-Related Ion Channels and UV-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.
32.) New Iridoid Glycosides with Antidepressant Activity Isolated from Cyperus rotundus.
32.) Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
33.) LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of total oligomeric flavonoid fraction of Cyperus rotundus and its antioxidant, macromolecule damage protective and antihemolytic effects.
34.) Cyperus rotundus L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities.
35.) 6-Acetoxy Cyperene, a Patchoulane-type Sesquiterpene Isolated from Cyperus rotundus Rhizomes Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.
36.) Cyperus rotundus L. prevents non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric mucosal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress.
37.) Solanioic Acid, an Antibacterial Degraded Steroid Produced in Culture by the Fungus Rhizoctonia solani Isolated from Tubers of the Medicinal Plant Cyperus rotundus.
38.) Structurally diverse terpenoids from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L.
39.) New cycloartane glycosides from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and their antidepressant activity.
40.) Investigation on Chinese herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhea: implication from a nationwide prescription database in Taiwan.
41.) Topical Cyperus rotundus oil: a new therapeutic modality with comparable efficacy to Alexandrite laser photo-epilation.
42.) Phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using nut grass, Cyperus rotundus.
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1.) TIRIRICA / CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
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Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Cyperus
Species: rotundus
Common names: Tirirca, Nutsedge, Tagernut, Hama-Suge,
Hsiang Fu Tzu, Hsiang Fu, Muskezamin, Musta, Mustaka,
Mutha, So Ken Chiu, So Ts'Ao, Souchet, Topalak, Boeai,
Mota, Roekoet teki, Tage-tage, Teki, Woeta,
Parts Used: Root, Rhisome
DESCRIPTION
-------------
Properties/Actions:
Alterative, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Antimalarial,
Antimicrobial, Anti-pyretic, Astringent, Carminative, Demulcent,
Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogueue, Emollient, Febrifuge, Hypoglycemic,
Hypotensive, Immunostimulant, Nervine, Stimulant, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge
Phytochemicals:
--------------
1,8-cineole, 4alpha,5alpha-oxidoeudesm-11-en-3-alpha-ol, Alkaloids,
Alpha-cyperone, Alpha-rotunol, Beta-cyperone, Beta-pinene, Beta-rotunol,
Beta-selinene, Calcium, Camphene, Copaene, Cyperene, Cyperenone, Cyperol,
Cyperolone Cyperotundone D-copadiene, D-epoxyguaiene, D-fructose,
D-glucose, Eo, Flavonoids, Gamma-cymene, Isocyperol, Isokobusone, Kobusone,
Limonene, Linoleic-acid, Linolenic-acid, Magnesium, Manganese, Mustakone,
Myristic-acid, Oleanolic-acid, Oleanolic-acid-3-o-neohesperidoside,
Oleic-acid, P-cymol, Patchoulenone, Pectin, Polyphenols, Rotundene,
Rotundenol, Rotundone, Selinatriene, Sitosterol, Stearic-acid, Sugeonol,
Sugetriol
----------------------------------
Country ETHNOBOTANY WORLDWIDE USES
----------------------------------
China Abdomen, Ache(Head), Ache(Stomach), Amenorrhea, Anodyne, Aphrodisiac, Bactericide,
Bladder, Cancer(Cervix), Chest, Circulation, Congestion, Deobstruent, Depression, Diarrhea,
Dysmenorrhea, Dyspepsia, Emmenagogueue, Energy, Gastralgia, Hemicrania, Impotency,
Lactogogue, Menoxenia, Metritis, Metroxenia, Side, Stomachic, Tonic, Trauma, Virility, Vulnerary
Egypt Astringent, Bite(Scorpion), Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Dyspepsia, Emmenagogue, Emollient,
Fever, Stomachic, Ulcer, Vermifuge
Elsewhere Analgesic, Astringent, Bowel, Cold, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Fever, Fungistatic, Hair-Tonic,
Hypertension, Inflammation, Medicine, Perfume, Stomach, Tranquilizer, Vasodilator
India Astringent, Bowel, Stomach, Tumor(Abdomen), Vermifuge
Japan Anodyne, Emmenagogueue, Wound
Java Diuretic, Edema, Felon, Gravel, Leucorrhea, Sore, Stone, Whitlow
Sudan Astringent, Diaphoretic, Dyspepsia, Fever
Turkey Alterative, Astringent, Carminative, Demulcent, Diuretic, Emmenagogueue, Lactogogue,
Perfume, Stimulant, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge
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2.) Table-maker: Phytochemicals of Cyperus rotundus
============================================================
Chemical Part Amount (ppm) Low (ppm) High (ppm)
1,8-CINEOLE Root
4ALPHA,5ALPHA-OXIDOEUDESM-11-EN-3-ALPHA-OL Rhizome
ALKALOIDS Root 2,100 2,400
ALPHA-CYPERONE Root 1,500 5,000
ALPHA-ROTUNOL Root
ARSENIC Rhizome 0.29
ASCORBIC-ACID Root 90
BETA-CYPERONE Rhizome
BETA-PINENE Root
BETA-ROTUNOL Root
BETA-SELINENE Root
CALCIUM Rhizome 3,180
CAMPHENE Root
COPAENE Root
COPPER Rhizome 10
CYPERENE Essential Oil
CYPERENONE Essential Oil
CYPEROL Essential Oil
CYPEROLONE Rhizome
CYPEROTUNDONE Essential Oil
D-COPADIENE Root
D-EPOXYGUAIENE Root
D-FRUCTOSE Root
D-GLUCOSE Root
EO Root 5,000 10,000
FLAVONOIDS Root 12,500
GAMMA-CYMENE Root
IRON Rhizome 430
ISOCYPEROL Rhizome
ISOKOBUSONE Rhizome
KOBUSONE Rhizome
LIMONENE Essential Oil
LINOLEIC-ACID Rhizome
LINOLENIC-ACID Rhizome
MAGNESIUM Rhizome 1,500
MANGANESE Rhizome 28
MUSTAKONE Root
MYRISTIC-ACID Rhizome
OLEANOLIC-ACID Tuber
OLEANOLIC-ACID-3-O-NEOHESPERIDOSIDE Tuber
OLEIC-ACID Rhizome
P-CYMOL Root
PATCHOULENONE Rhizome
PECTIN Root 37,200
POLYPHENOLS Root 16,200
POTASSIUM Rhizome 10,100
RESIN Root 42,100
ROTUNDENE Root
ROTUNDENOL Root
ROTUNDONE Root
SELINATRIENE Root
SITOSTEROL Root
SODIUM Rhizome 254
STARCH Root 92,000
STEARIC-ACID Rhizome
SUGARS Root 132,200 144,000
SUGENOL Rhizome
SUGEONOL Rhizome
SUGETRIOL Rhizome
ZINC Rhizome 33
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3.) Cyperus rotundus L. (CYPERACEAE) (SEDGE FAMILY)
"Purple nutsedge" "Sa'ad" "hasir" "si'd"
============================================================
source: Ghazanfar, S.A. 1994. CRC Handbook of Arabian Medicinal Plants. CRC
Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL. 265 pp.
Properties/Actions:
Anthelmintic, diuretic, febrifuge, galactagogue. Earache, bee stings,
bites, dysmenorrhea.
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4.) TIRIRICA Cyperus rotundus
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Properties/Actions:
Abdomen, Ache(Head), Ache(Stomach), Alterative, Amenorrhea, Analgesic,
Anodyne, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Bactericide, Bite(Scorpion), Bladder,
Bowel, Cancer(Cervix), Carminative, Chest, Circulation, Cold, Congestion,
Demulcent, Depression, Diaphoretic, Diarrhea, Diuretic, Dysmenorrhea,
Dyspepsia, Edema, Emmenagogueue, Emollient, Energy, Fever, Fungistatic,
Gastralgia, Gravel, Hair-Tonic, Hemicrania, Hypertension, Impotency,
Inflammation, Lactogogue, Leucorrhea, Medicine, Menoxenia, Metritis,
Metroxenia, Perfume, Side, Sore, Stimulant, Stomach, Stomachic, Stone,
Tonic, Tranquilizer, Trauma, Tumor(Abdomen), Ulcer, Vasodilator, Vermifuge,
Virility, Wound
=============================================
5.) BALAKALPAM (PRODUCT NO 1 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
=============================================
Offers strong defence for infants and children. specially designed to
improve appetite, help digestion, stimulate growth in infants and children,
relieves constipation, corrects liver, protects liver, stimulates liver.
Takes care of all causative factors of infantile problems like abdominal
pain, colic spasms, fever, worms, diarrhoea, vomiting, distention of
abdomen, retention of urine, cold and bronchitis. Prevents nausea, vomiting
and infantile regurgitation.
INDICATION:
Complete tonic for children. Stomachic, laxative hepatic tonic & an
effective anthelmintic. Relieves cold, bronchitis, nausea, vomiting and
infantile regurgitation.
COMPOSITION : Each 15 ml is prepared out of.1
Cyperus rotundus Linn(Mustha) 750 mg
2 Aegele marmelos cor(Bilva) 500 mg
3 Nelumbo speciosa(Aravinda) 750 mg
4 Emblica officinalis(Amlaki) 500 mg
5 Vitis cinifera Linn(Draksha) 750 mg
6 Piper longum Linn(Pippali) 750 mg
7 Sida cordifolia Linn(Bala) 500 mg
8 Trachyspermum ammi roxb(Ajamoda) 750 mg
9 Eclipta alba Linn(Bringaraja) 750 mg
10 Myristica fragrans Houtt(Jatipatra) 250 mg
11 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume(Tvak) 250 mg
12 Elettaria cardamomum Maton(Ela) 250 mg
13 Mesua ferrea Linn(Nagakessara) 250 mg
14 Pogostemon sp.(Patra) 250 mg
15 Boerhaavia diffusa Linn(Punarnava) 500 mg
16 Tribulus terrestris Linn(Gokshura) 500 mg
17 Jaggery(Guda) 1250 mg
18 Honey(Madhu) 750 mg
DOSAGE: 2 teaspoons full twice or thrice a day or as directed by the
physician.
PRESENTATION: 200ml bottle pack.
PRODUCT EFFICACY:
A complete paediatric tonic.
Very safe and non habit forming.
Has anthelmintic properties.
Controls purges and tropical sprue.
Prevents nausea and vomiting.
Prevents infantile regurgitation.
============================================================
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6.) HEPATONE (PRODUCT NO 2 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
============================================================
A Hepato corrective, Hepato stimulant & Hepato protective, Hepatone offers
hepato protection through conservation of glutathione, the main protective
intracellular Sulfhydryl peptide of the hepatocytes. Maintains the Hepatic
parenchyma in healthy state, helps to regulate liver function like
detoxification of metabolic products hepato-toxins, prothrombin,
coagulation of blood, SGPT levels and albumin-globulin ratio etc., corrects
the impaired function within the liver, and also related manifestations
from poor appetite to stunted growth to chronic constipation.
INDICATION:
Viral Hepatitis, Liver-Cirrhosis, Infective hepatitis, Hepatitis with or
without jaundice, constipation, anorexia, stunted growth, malnutrition & as
a hepatic stimulant.
COMPOSITION : Each 10 ml is prepared out of.1 Desmodium trifloum
DC(Hamsapathi) 100 mg
2 Coriandrum sativum Linn(Dhanyaka) 100 mg
3 Zingiber officianale(Sunthi) 100 mg
4 Piper nigrum Linn(Maricha) 100 mg
5 Piper longum Linn(Pippali) 50 mg
6 Plumbago rosea Linn(Chitraka) 50 mg
7 Cyperus rotundus Linn(Mustha) 50 mg
8 Piper cubea Lin(Sugandha Maricha) 50 mg
9 Cuminum cyminum Linn(Jiraka) 20 mg
10 Phyllanthus amarus(Bhumya malaki) 20 mg
11 Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Ex Benth(Kutki) 20 mg
DOSAGE: 1-2 teaspoon twice/thrice daily or as directed by the physician.
PRESENTATION: Net 200ml & 100ml bottle packing syrup form.
PRODUCT EFFICACY:
A prohylactic and therapeutic treatment for liver.
Corrects liver cell insufficiency, protects liver cell efficiency.
Improves appetite and digestion.
Treats constipation.
Promotes growth.
Acts as a cholagouge
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7.) Cyperus rotundus L. / Healthcare Properties
============================================================
CYPERACEAE
Local Names: Mutha (Oriya), Bathakanda (Bhumia), Matasola (Kandha)
Description of the Plant: Herb. Flowers in July / August. Frequently occurs in plains and rarely
occurs in hilly areas.
Plant Parts Used: Tuber.
Healthcare Properties:
----------------------
Asthma: Boil with ghee the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g), the seeds of Piper nigrum (21 no), the
ginger (10 g), clove (5 g) and cumin seeds (5 g) for few minutes, then cool it to become a paste.
Take 10 ml of this paste each time thrice daily for 5 days with a little honey. (S-23) [OR-3-3-238]
Headache: Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus into a paste. Apply this paste on forehead only once
to relief from headache. (G-13) [OR-1-3-457]
Skin diseases (Itches or vagina): Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g) into a paste. Apply this
paste on Itches area hear vagina once daily for 3 to 4 days. (D-4) [OR-2-2-1338]
Sores on head: Grind all the following into a paste: the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g), the leaves
and the tender leaves of Terminalia bellirica. Apply this paste on head before taking bath once daily
for 3 days. (D-4) [OR-2-2-1338] (or) Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g) into a paste.
Apply this paste on head twice daily for 3 to 4 days. (F-1) [OR-3-3-177]
Worm infection: Grind together the leaves of Cyperus rotundus (7 no) with the entire plant of Cyper
rotundus (3 no) into a paste. Make tablets with this paste. Take one tablet each time orally thrice
daily for one to two days. (K-15) [OR-1-6-686]
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8.) The ameliorating effects of the cognitive-enhancing chinese herbs on
scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
============================================================
Phytother Res 2000 Aug;14(5):375-7 Related Articles, Books
Hsieh MT, Peng WH, Wu CR, Wang WH
Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College,
Taiwan, R.O.C.
Ameliorating effects were investigated of the cognitive-enhancing Chinese
herbs administered orally for 1 week-Panax ginseng (PG), Panax notoginseng
(PNG), Dioscorea opposita (DO), Gastrodia elata (GE), Salvia miltiorrhiza
(SM), Acorus gramineus (AG), Coptis chinensis (CC), Polygonum multiflorum
(PM), Cyperus rotundus (CR) and Psoralea corylifolia (PC)-on the
scopolamine (SCOP)-induced amnesia by using a passive avoidance task in
rats. Of ten Chinese herbs, only PG, PNG, GE and CC prolonged the
SCOP-shortened STL. These results revealed that PG, PNG GE and CC
administered orally for 1 week improved the SCOP-induced learning and
memory deficit in rats. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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9.) Rotundines A-C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus.
============================================================
J Nat Prod 2000 May;63(5):673-5 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Jeong SJ, Miyamoto T, Inagaki M, Kim YC, Higuchi R
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka,
812-8582, Japan.
Rotundines A (1), B (2), and C (3), three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids
with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, were isolated from the rhizomes of
Cyperus rotundus. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectral and
chemical methods.
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10.) Effect of feeding tagernut (Cyperus rotundus, L) meal on the performance of rabbits.
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Trop Anim Health Prod 1997 Feb;29(1):60-2 Related Articles, Books
Bamgbose AM, Nwokoro SO, Kudi AC, Bogoro S, Egbo ML, Kushwaha S
School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
============================================================
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11.) Antimalarial sesquiterpenes from tubers of Cyperus rotundus: structure of
10,12-peroxycalamenene, a sesquiterpene endoperoxide.
============================================================
Phytochemistry 1995 Sep;40(1):125-8 Related Articles, Books
Thebtaranonth C, Thebtaranonth Y, Wanauppathamkul S, Yuthavong Y
National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand.
Activity-guided investigation of Cyperus rotundus tubers led to the
isolation of patchoulenone, caryophyllene alpha-oxide,
10,12-peroxycalamenene and 4,7-dimethyl-1-tetralone. The antimalarial
activities of these compounds are in the range of EC50 10(-4)-10(-6) M,
with the novel endoperoxide sesquiterpene, 10,12-peroxycalamenene,
exhibiting the strongest effect at EC50 2.33 x 10(-6) M.
============================================================
12.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR), Ligusticum chuangxiong Hort (LC) and Peaonia
veitchii lynch (PV) on the
hemorheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1994 Feb;19(2):108-10, 128 Related Articles,
Books
[Article in Chinese]
Xue JX, Yan YQ, Jiang Y
Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing.
The "blood stagnating" rat model was built with adrenaline and cold
stimulation. Its hemorrheological character was an increase in the
viscosity, thickness and liability to coagulate. The experimental result
showed that AM and TAS could decrease the whole blood specific viscosity,
but at the same time increase the plasma specific viscosity. The
qi-regulating drug CR and two blood-activating drugs LC and PV could
improve the hemorrheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats. The
combination of qi-regulating drugs and blood-activating drugs had more
favorable effect.
============================================================
13.) [Revision on the type of leaf trace bundles of Cyperus rotundus L].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1993 Nov;18(11):648-50, 702
[Article in Chinese]
Zhou FQ, Si M, Li JX
Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong College of TCM, Jinan.
============================================================
============================================================
14.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),tail of Angelica
sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR),Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC) and
Paeonia veitchii Lynch (PV) on the
hemorrheological changes in normal rats].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1993 Oct;18(10):621-3, 640 Related Articles,
Books
[Article in Chinese]
Xue JX, Jiang Y, Yan YQ
Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing.
The results showed that AM and TAS had significant effects of enriching the
blood. CR, a Qi-regulating drug, LC and PV, two blood-activating drugs,
could improve all hemorrheological indexes, such as the whole blood
specific viscosity, the plasma specific viscosity, erythrocyte
electrophoresis, etc. The combination of Qi-regulating drug and
blood-activating drug displayed more favorable effect. This experiment has
provided some pharmacological evidence for the theory of "Qi Xue Xiang
Guan" (correlation of vital energy with blood circulation) in traditional
Chinese medicine.
============================================================
15.) [Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric
mucosa with xiao wei yan powder].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1992 Oct;12(10):602-3, 580 Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
[Article in Chinese]
Liu XR, Han WQ, Sun DR
Qingdao TCM-WM Hospital.
138 cases of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 104 cases of atypical
hyperplasia (AH) of the gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis treated with
Xiao Wei Yan Powder (XWYP) were reported. The diagnoses were based on the
pathological examination of gastric antrum biopsy specimens. The cases were
randomly divided into treated group and control group. The XWYP contained
Smilax glabrae, Hedyotis diffusae, Taraxacum mongolicum, Caesalpinia
sappan, Paeonia alba, Cyperus rotundus, Bletilla striata, Glycyrrhiza
uralensis etc., and was prepared in powder form, taken orally 5-7g tid.
After 2-4 months of administration, gastroscopic and pathological
examinations were repeated. Results: In treated group, the total effective
rate of IM was 91.3% and that of the AH was 92.16%, while in control group,
they were 21.3% and 14.46% respectively (P < 0.01). It denoated that XWYP
had marked therapeutic effects for IM and AH. The animal experiments
revealed no toxic effect, so safety guarantee was provided for its clinical
application.
============================================================
16.) Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a
chloralkali plant. IV. Bioconcentration of mercury in in situ aquatic and
terrestrial plants at Ganjam, India.
============================================================
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1992 Feb;22(2):195-202 Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Lenka M, Panda KK, Panda BB
Department of Botany, Berhampur University, India.
In situ aquatic and terrestrial plants including a few vegetable and crop
plants growing in and around a chloralkali plant at Ganjam, India were
analyzed for concentrations of root and shoot mercury. The aquatic plants
found to bioconcentrate mercury to different degrees included Marsilea
spp., Spirodela polyrhiza, Jussiea repens, Paspalum scrobiculatam, Pistia
stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Hygrophila schulli, Monochoria hastata
and Bacopa monniera. Among wild terrestrial plants Chloris barbata, Cynodon
dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and Croton bonplandianum were found growing on
heavily contaminated soil containing mercury as high as 557 mg/kg. Analysis
of mercury in root and shoot of these plants in relation to the mercury
levels in soil indicated a significant correlation between soil and plant
mercury with the exception of C. bonplandianum. Furthermore, the tolerance
to mercury toxicity was highest with C. barbata followed by C. dactylon and
C. rotundus, in that order. The rice plants analyzed from the surrounding
agricultural fields did not show any significant levels of bioconcentrated
mercury. Of the different vegetables grown in a contaminated kitchen garden
with mercury level at 8.91 mg/kg, the two leafy vegetables, namely cabbage
(Brassica oleracea) and amaranthus (Amaranthus oleraceous), were found to
bioconcentrate mercury at statistically significant levels. The overall
study indicates that the mercury pollution is very much localized to the
specific sites in the vicinity of the chloralkali plant.
============================================================
17.) Antimalarial compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety from Tanzanian
medicinal plants.
============================================================
Planta Med 1990 Aug;56(4):371-3 Related Articles, Books
Weenen H, Nkunya MH, Bray DH, Mwasumbi LB, Kinabo LS, Kilimali VA, Wijnberg JB
Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Pure compounds were isolated from plant extracts with antimalarial
activity. The extracts were obtained from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L.
(Cyperaceae), the rootbark of Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild) Waterm.
(Rutaceae), and the rootbark of Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster
(Euphorbiaceae). The most active compounds included (IC50 within brackets):
alpha-cyperone (1) (5.5 micrograms/ml), N-isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (2)
(5.4 micrograms/ml), and securinine (3) (5.4 micrograms/ml). A mixture of
autoxidation products of beta-selinene was found to be the most active
antimalarial substances obtained from C. rotundus (5.6 micrograms/ml.
============================================================
18.) Antimalarial activity of Tanzanian medicinal plants.
============================================================
Planta Med 1990 Aug;56(4):368-70 Related Articles, Books
Weenen H, Nkunya MH, Bray DH, Mwasumbi LB, Kinabo LS, Kilimali VA
Department of Chemistry, Unversity of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Tanzanian medicinal plants were extracted and tested for in vitro
antimalarial activity, using the multidrug resistant K1 strain of
Plasmodium falciparum. Of 49 plants investigated, extracts of three plants
were found to have an IC50 between 5-10 micrograms/ml, extracts of 18 other
plants showed an IC50 between 10 and 50 micrograms/ml, all others were less
active. The three most active extracts were obtained from the tubers of
Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), the rootbark of Hoslundia opposita Vahl.
(Labiatae), and the rootbark of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae).
============================================================
19.) Effect of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus Linn) on reserpine-induced emesis in pigeons.
============================================================
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1988 Jul-Sep;32(3):229-30 Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
Shinde S, Phadke S, Bhagwat AW
Publication Types:
Letter
============================================================
============================================================
20.) Pharmacological studies to isolate the active constituents from Cyperus
rotundus possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities.
============================================================
Indian J Med Res 1971 Jan;59(1):76-82 Related Articles, Books
Gupta MB, Palit TK, Singh N, Bhargava KP
============================================================
============================================================
21.) Characterization of ferredoxin from nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L., and
other species with a high photosynthetic capacity.
============================================================
Arch Biochem Biophys 1970 Dec;141(2):676-89 Related Articles, Books
Lee SS, Travis J, Black CC Jr
============================================================
============================================================
22.) A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus.
============================================================
Indian J Med Res 1970 Jan;58(1):103-9 Related Articles, Books
Singh N, Kulshrestha VK, Gupta MB, Bhargava KP
============================================================
============================================================
23.) CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT OIL
============================================================
Synonyms : CYPERIOL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL); CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT
OIL; CYPERUS ROOT OIL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS); CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL;
CYPERUS OIL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL);
Odor Description : Woody Cassie Boronia Violet Tea
Appearence : Amber Viscous Liquid
NAFTA H. # : 3301.29.6000
FEMA # : 0
Specific Gravity : N/A
Refractive Index : N/A
Melting Point : N/A
Boiling Point : N/A
Blends Well With : Clove Bud; Clary Sage; Oakmoss; Mimosa; Violet;
Soluble in : ;
Insoluble in : ;
Some Perfumery Uses : ;
Back to Information List. Information Only. Not offered by TGSC.
Description : Among the other Cyperus species which grow in tropical and semi tropical regions all
over the world, only a few have caught the perfumer's interest: Oil of Cyperus Rotundus is steam
distilled from the rootlets of a grass which grows in China, India, Japan and scattered over parts of
Sudan south of Sahara. Cyperus Rotundus Oil is a yellowish or amber to dark orange brown or pale
yellow brown viscous liquid. Its odor is quite interesting. The topnote is almost woody, resembling
cassie and boronia with a violet like or tea like Warmth. The odor becomes drier and more woody,
borneole like, camphor like but it remains faintly floral throughout the long lasting dryout. There are
some facts which confirm the possibility of confusion of this oil With vetiver oil from certain parts of
Africa.
============================================================
24.) POSSIBILITIES OF SOIL SOLARIZATION FOR THE ERRADICATION OF Cyperus
rotundus L. AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF SALINE SOILS
============================================================
E. LÓPEZ. Servicio de Investigación Agraria. DGA.
Apdo 727. E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain.
Soil solarization has proved to be an effective non-chemical soil desinfection method in different
areas of the world. Lack of water and unsuitable climate are the most important constraints in its use.
The possibility of soil solarization in irrigated areas of the Ebro Valley (Spain) was assessed from soil
temperature data.
The use of Fourier Analysis, a mathematical method for the study of periodic phenomena, provided
good predictions of soil temperature in solarized soils during 1991 to 1994. The sinusoidal equations
obtained with the data of the first week of solarization allowed the estimation temperatures for the
studied solarization periods at 10 and 20 cm depths. The validity of these sinusoidal equations for
representing the observed temperature data of the total solarization period was also demonstrated.
The effect of soil solarization, alone or combined with an application of glyphosate, on the control of
Cyperus rotundus was also investigated in naturally infested soils in the Ebro Valley. In those
experiments solarization increased the average hourly temperatures to 10-14 ºC, 12 ºC and 6 ºC at
10, 20 and 30 cm soil depths respectively. In 1991, soil solarization for 11 weeks controlled several
weed species, but not C. rotundus. In this year the application of glyphosate at 720 g/ha after soil
solarization reduced purple nutsedge density by 87.5 %, but the reduction was only of 30.5 % if the
soil was not previously solarized. In the 1993 experiment, solarization for either 6 or 10 weeks
reduced nutsedge density by 79 % and 76 %, one and 10 months after the end of soil solarization
treatments, respectively. The postemergence application of glyphosate did not improve purple
nutsedge control in the solarized plots. Experiments carried out in artificially infested microplots with
C. rotundus showed that solarization for one or two months delayed the development of new
tubers.
The effect of soil solarization on the salinization of soils subjected to shallow saline groundwaters was
also studied. The experiment was conducted in ferroconcrete microplots in which a static water table
was imposed at a depth of 60 cm from the soil surface. In 1993, the EC values in the 0-50 cm
profile at the end of the solarization period were not different if the soil was solarized for one or two
months, but these EC values were 50 % lower than those from non-solarized plots. In 1994,
differences between the treatments were higher, resulting in a significant reduction of salinity in
solarized soils. This fact allowed a great increase in the yield of Borago officinalis L. grown in the
solarized plots after the solarization period.
============================================================
25.) Control Of Nut Grass (Cyperus Rotundus) In Asparagus
============================================================
P. Sanders and A. Rahman AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Hamilton
ABSTRACT
Several herbicides were tested for selective control of nut grass in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)
over two growing seasons. The soil residual herbicides terbuthylazine, terbumeton, hexazinone,
diuron or their mixtures had little effect against nut grass when applied pre-emergence. EPTC
delayed emergence of nut grass for up to 8 weeks, with no suppressive effect after that. Norflurazon
caused considerable phytotoxic damage on the leaves but gave only a small reduction in plant
numbers. Bromacil reduced plant numbers and tuber production to low levels. The addition of
glyphosate or imazapyr at the end of the asparagus harvest season improved control of nut grass
compared with bromacil pre-emergence used alone. Not all herbicides tested are registered on
asparagus.
Keywords: asparagus, chemical control, Cyperus rotundus, nut grass, nutsedge
INTRODUCTION
Described by Holm et al. (1977) as the world’s worst weed, nut grass (Cyperus rotundus) has not
had a big impact on cropping in New Zealand until recently. This weed is a sedge, native to India,
and is often known by names of nutsedge or purple nutsedge. The plant has dark green leaves and a
triangular stem that carries the terminal loose umbel inflorescence which is reddish to purple brown in
colour. The fibrous root system with its extensively branching slender rhizomes gives rise to the
important characteristic feature of the plant viz. the many tubers that develop at 5 - 25 cm intervals
along the rhizomes. The tubers are usually found in the top 15 cm of the soil profile but can be as
deep as 40 cm. Seed production can occur but is thought to be very rarely responsible for the
spread of the weed.
Nut grass was first recorded in New Zealand by Cheeseman in 1883 and is now distributed
throughout most of the North Island from Northland to Wellington and also Nelson and Motueka
(Healy and Edgar 1980). Hilgendorf (1948) described some early North Auckland orchards as
being ruined by this weed. In recent years nut grass has spread into the arable lands of the Bay of
Plenty, particularly affecting maize crops, and in some asparagus crops in the Hawkes Bay and
Waikato. The spread is associated with the movement of tubers and appears to have been abetted
by the use of contract growing of field crops with large machines travelling from site to site. Nut
grass is capable of vigorous competition in all crops resulting in large losses of yield (Holm et al.
1977). Nut grass has demonstrated allelopathic properties in some trials, but these have not been
widely observed in the field (Parsons and Cuthbertson 1992).
Residual herbicides such as bromacil, EPTC and norfluazon are known to provide some control of
nut grass (Parsons and Cuthbertson 1992; Sheinbaum 1985). New Zealand is one of the few
asparagus production areas world wide using bromacil as a selective herbicide (Rahman and
Sanders 1983). Several other selective and non-selective herbicides have been used overseas with
varying success for control of nut grass (Hawton et al. 1992; Paxman et al. 1985; Siriwardana and
Nishimoto 1987). This paper describes our results with some promising herbicide treatments for
control of nut grass in asparagus over the last two growing seasons
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The trial site was in a 10 year old block of asparagus cv. UC157 located near Matamata. A severe
infestation of nut grass had developed over the entire block, possibly originating from an earlier
infested maize crop. Winter cultivation to bury asparagus fern trash and for general weed control
(and inadvertent spread of nut grass) had been done each year for the life of the crop except for the
winter of 1994. Thus soil disturbance which may have affected weeds and tuber distribution within
the soil profile, did not take place during the trial period.
Selective herbicides available for use in asparagus were reviewed and, from this list, potential
treatments were selected for comparison with standard residual herbicides (Table 1) viz. bromacil
(Hyvar), bromacil + diuron (Krovar 1), terbuthylazine + terbumeton (Caragard) and terbuthylazine +
diuron (Fenican). Additional treatments were EPTC, (Eradicane Super), hexazinone (Velpar),
imazapyr (Arsenal), glyphosate (Roundup) and norflurazon (Solicam). Treatments were applied
either as crop pre-emergence only (first week of September 1993 and 1994) or as a close up
treatment (end of asparagus harvesting and beginning of fern stage) in December 1993 and 1994. All
treatments applied at close up had a pre-emergence application of bromacil at 1.6 kg/ha for general
weed control at the start of each harvesting season.
Herbicides were applied with a precision plot sprayer in 300 litres/ha water at a pressure of 215
kPa. Plot size was 6 x 6 m and there were four replicates in a randomised block design. Regular
assessments were made of phytotoxic damage to nut grass shoots, ground cover and initiation of
flowering. Plant density of plots was determined by plant counts in 0.1 m2 quadrats at two randomly
selected sites. At the end of the season, fern stems were counted (three rows of 2 m each) to assess
treatment effects on the asparagus. After the nut grass foliage had died back and the ferns were
mulched, two soil samples were collected (31.5.94) from each plot to a depth of 300 mm using a 75
mm diameter corer. The numbers and dry weight of tubers were measured from the washed
samples.
Other competitive weeds present in the trial area were controlled with herbicides known to have no
significant effect on either nut grass or asparagus.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The terbuthylazine/diuron mixture showed little or no effect on the growth of nut grass (Table 1), and
is used in this trial for comparative purposes as the treatment that provided the least control.
TABLE 1: Number of nut grass plants/m2 counted at various times in the two growing seasons of
the trial.
Treatment (Pre-E) Rate First Second
(kg ai/ha) growing season growing season
30.11.93 12.1.94 5.4.94 17.11.94 13.1.95 14.3.95
----------------------------------------------------
terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 550 2000 1241 1649 1013 1994
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 283 1625 916 804 796 1163
EPTC 6.0 72 1500 968 869 305 465
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 370 538 603 320 351 389
bromacil 1.6 222 243 343 235 388 581
bromacil 4.0 237 328 364 134 85 104
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 267 105 244 138 93 108
glyphosatea
bromacil/imazapyra 1.6/0.25 277 48 143 119 131 15
imazapyr 0.6 32 58 94 114 368 734
SED 122 179 150 200 113 152
---------------------------------------------------
a Treatment applied at close up (December).
Hexazinone, the low rate of norflurazon (2 kg/ha) and the mixture of terbuthylazine plus terbumeton
also had little effect on nut grass and are not tabulated. Norflurazon, which has provided satisfactory
control of yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus) in asparagus in USA (Agamalian 1995), gave only a
minor reduction in the growth of nut grass resulting in plant numbers of about 50% of the
terbuthylazine/diuron mixture (Table 1) and ground cover approaching 100% towards the end of
both growing seasons (Table 2). Norflurazon in mixture with a low rate of glyphosate (1.44 kg/ha)
applied at close up (not tabulated) also did not provide long term control. EPTC restricted plant
establishment until the beginning of November, but its effects disappeared afterwards, resulting in
complete ground cover by the end of the season (Table 2). Poor weed control by the EPTC
treatment combined with its poor activity against nut grass resulted in a serious weed problem and
high numbers of nut grass. Application of EPTC at close up was also evaluated (not tabulated). It
resulted in a small reduction in plant numbers, ground cover and tuber numbers, but the mechanical
process of incorporating the EPTC was impractical and also caused some crop damage.
TABLE 2: Ground cover (%) of nut grass at various times in the two growing seasons and the
numbers and dry weight of tubers from soil samples.
Treatment Rate Nut grass ground cover (%) Tuber
(Pre-E) (kg ai/ha) First season Second season (No./) (g/m2)
23.12.93 5.4.94 12.12.94 14.3.95 31.5.94 31.5.94
---------------------------------------------------
terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 86 100 94 100 4980 1117
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 55 98 73 100 2490 550
EPTC 6.0 38 100 70 100 4103 877
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 45 76 40 68 2688 515
bromacil 1.6 25 45 40 75 2066 429
bromacil 4.0 28 35 17 16 1839 306
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 8 38 26 15 1302 218
glyphosatea
bromacil/ 1.6/0.25 15 23 25 1 1669 342
imazapyra
imazapyr 0.6 2 8 15 96 2094 447
SED 10 15 10 11 930 195
a Treatment applied at close up (December).
Imazapyr applied pre-emergence reduced nut grass plant numbers and ground cover in the first
season to about 10% of that recorded in the terbuthylazine/diuron treatment, but tuber numbers at
the end of the season were still relatively high (Table 2). Efficacy of this treatment was much lower in
the second season as shown by plant numbers (Table 1) and ground cover (Table 2) data recorded
on 14.3.95. However, use of imazapyr at close up over bromacil treatment applied pre-emergence
was very effective in reducing the plant density and ground cover of nut grass. It must be mentioned
here that imazapyr is not registered for use in any food crop as yet and is known to kill asparagus
plants on contact with the foliage.
Bromacil as a pre-emergence treatment showed a good level of suppressive activity against nut grass
during the season, reducing plant numbers to less than half that of the terbuthylazine/diuron mixture.
The highest rate of 4.0 kg/ha provided the best results overall. Control of nut grass by bromacil was
augmented with the post emergence use of glyphosate at close up. A single application of glyphosate
at 2.16 kg/ha applied in December was better than split applications at 1.44 kg/ha applied in
November and again in December (not tabulated). However a few new plants continued to emerge
after each application. The treatments that provided good control of nut grass were even more
effective in the second season after the repeat treatment application. Number and dry weight of
tubers in winter were strongly correlated (R=0.92) between the two parameters. There was also a
high correlation of tuber weights with plant numbers counted on 17.11.94 (R=0.72) and with the nut
grass ground cover assessment made on 12.12.94 (R=0.72).
The time at which nut grass flowering starts is indicative of the stress the plants are under. Flowering
had not started by 12.1.94 in plots treated with imazapyr or in 31 of the 32 plots which received
pre-emergence treatment of bromacil. In the second season also, flowering was delayed by the
highest rate of bromacil (4.0 kg/ha) and the two treatments in which glyphosate had been applied
post-emergence. Leaf damage varied over the season with plant density, age and cold weather.
There were effects following application of treatments which were usually short lived until new plants
established. Only the norflurazon treatments caused damage in the form of yellowing of the leaves
which lasted for the season, although it did not seriously affect the growth of nut grass (Table 3).
TABLE 3: Percentage of nut grass leaf damage at various times and the numbers of asparagus fern
stems counted/10 m of row length.
Treatment Rate Nut grass damage (%) Ferns
(Pre-E) (kg ai/ha) First season Second season (No./10 m)
30.11.93 12.1.94 12.12.94 13.1.95 30.5.94 3.5.95
terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 1 0 25 53 112 153
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 65 18 78 63 144 166
EPTC 6.0 1 0 35 89 99 119
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 23 0 55 16 163 209
bromacil 1.6 30 0 26 8 163 164
bromacil 4.0 46 10 75 18 170 245
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 26 0 31 65 190 164
glyphosatea
bromacil/ 1.6/0.25 28 23 23 79 171 177
imazapyra
imazapyr 0.6 5 4 23 0 208 181
SED 7 11 10 9 29 32
----------------------------------------------
a Treatment applied at close up (December).
Fern stem counts were made near the end of each season to check the effects of treatments on the
asparagus crop (Table 3). The combination of poor control of nut grass and poor overall weed
control by EPTC affected the crop to give the lowest fern counts. High fern numbers on 30.5.94
were recorded in treatments that had good weed control, eg. the two high rates of bromacil which
were quite effective on nut grass. Fern numbers (30.5.94) were highly negatively correlated with the
nut grass ground cover (R= -0.67) and plant numbers (R= -0.61) (5.4.94).
Results from this study show good activity on nut grass by some of the herbicides registered for use
in asparagus in New Zealand. The combination of bromacil applied pre-emergence followed by
glyphosate at close up provided a satisfactory control of nut grass using products with which
growers are familiar. With commitment and a fastidious follow up programme of spot spraying, it
may be possible to reduce the weed infestation to low levels. Eradication of nut grass in asparagus
will depend on how deep the tubers are present in the soil, their longevity and dormancy
characteristics.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Bruce Stanley for his support in providing the trial site and willing cooperation in the
management of the asparagus crop.
REFERENCES
Agamalian, H.S., 1995. Evaluation of norflurazon for the control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus
esculentus). Proc. 8th Int. Asparagus Symposium, Palmerston North, N.Z. (in press).
Hawton, D., Howitt, C.J. and Johnson, I.D.G., 1992. A comparison of methods for the control of
Cyperus rotundus L. Tropical Pest Management 38: 305-309.
Healy, A.J. and Edgar, E., 1980. Cyperaceae. Pp 189-190 In: Flora of New Zealand Vol III;
Government Printer, Wellington New Zealand.
Hilgendorf F.W., 1948. Family Cyperaceae. Pp53-54 In: Weeds of New Zealand and How to
Eradicate Them;. Revised by Calder, J.W. Fourth Edition; Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd., New
Zealand.
Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P.,1977. Cyperus rotundus. Pp 8-24
In: The World’s Worst Weeds, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.
Parsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E.G., 1992. Nutgrass. Pp57-61 In: Noxious weeds of Australia;
Inkata Press, Melbourne. Sydney, Australia.
Paxman, P., Annand, A.M., Lee, S.C., Orwick, P.L. and Peoples, T.R., 1985. The imidazolinone
herbicides. Proc. 38th N.Z. Weed and Pest Control Conf.: 73-77.
Rahman, A. and Sanders, P., 1983. Residual herbicides for weed control in established asparagus.
Proc. 36th N. Z. Weed and Pest Control Conf.: 136-139.
Sheinbaum, Y., 1985. Control of Cyperus rotundus and annual weeds in cotton with norflurazon.
Phytoparasitica. 13:259-260.
Siriwardana, G.D. and Nishimoto, R.K., 1987. Low rates of glyphosate for management of Cyperus
rotundus L. Symp. of 11th Asian-Pacific Weed Sci. Soc. Conf.: 63-71. \
=====================================================REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS / BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
==================================================================
1.) TIRIRICA / CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
2.) Table-maker: Phytochemicals of Cyperus rotundus
3.) Cyperus rotundus L. (CYPERACEAE) (SEDGE FAMILY)
"Purple nutsedge" "Sa'ad" "hasir" "si'd"
4.) TIRIRICA Cyperus rotundus
5.) BALAKALPAM (PRODUCT NO 1 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
6.) HEPATONE (PRODUCT NO 2 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
7.) Cyperus rotundus L. / Healthcare Properties
8.) The ameliorating effects of the cognitive-enhancing chinese herbs on
scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
9.) Rotundines A-C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus.
10.) Effect of feeding tagernut (Cyperus rotundus, L) meal on the performance of rabbits.
11.) Antimalarial sesquiterpenes from tubers of Cyperus rotundus: structure of
10,12-peroxycalamenene, a sesquiterpene endoperoxide.
12.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR), Ligusticum chuangxiong Hort (LC) and Peaonia
veitchii lynch (PV) on the
hemorheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats].
13.) [Revision on the type of leaf trace bundles of Cyperus rotundus L].
14.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),tail of Angelica
sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR),Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC) and
Paeonia veitchii Lynch (PV) on the
hemorrheological changes in normal rats].
15.) [Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric
mucosa with xiao wei yan powder].
16.) Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a
chloralkali plant. IV. Bioconcentration of mercury in in situ aquatic and
terrestrial plants at Ganjam, India.
17.) Antimalarial compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety from Tanzanian
medicinal plants.
18.) Antimalarial activity of Tanzanian medicinal plants.
19.) Effect of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus Linn) on reserpine-induced emesis in pigeons.
20.) Pharmacological studies to isolate the active constituents from Cyperus
rotundus possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities.
21.) Characterization of ferredoxin from nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L., and
other species with a high photosynthetic capacity.
22.) A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus.
23.) CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT OIL
24.) POSSIBILITIES OF SOIL SOLARIZATION FOR THE ERRADICATION OF Cyperus
rotundus L. AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF SALINE SOILS
25.) Control Of Nut Grass (Cyperus Rotundus) In Asparagus. 26.) Neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of the combined extract of Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale.
27.) Novel Food Supplement "CP1" Improves Motor Deficit, Cognitive Function, and
Neurodegeneration in Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.
28.) Effect of Cyperus Rotundus on Cytokine Gene Expression in Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
29.) α-Cyperone of Cyperus rotundus is an effective candidate for reduction of inflammation by destabilization of microtubule fibers in brain.
30.) Identification of Neuroactive Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Cyperi Rhizoma Using Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation.
30.) Isocyperol, isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via suppression of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways and ROS stress in LPS-stimulated
RAW 264.7 cells.
31.) Valencene from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Inhibits Skin Photoaging-Related Ion Channels and UV-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.
32.) New Iridoid Glycosides with Antidepressant Activity Isolated from Cyperus rotundus.
32.) Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
33.) LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of total oligomeric flavonoid fraction of Cyperus rotundus and its antioxidant, macromolecule damage protective and antihemolytic effects.
34.) Cyperus rotundus L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities.
35.) 6-Acetoxy Cyperene, a Patchoulane-type Sesquiterpene Isolated from Cyperus rotundus Rhizomes Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.
36.) Cyperus rotundus L. prevents non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric mucosal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress.
37.) Solanioic Acid, an Antibacterial Degraded Steroid Produced in Culture by the Fungus Rhizoctonia solani Isolated from Tubers of the Medicinal Plant Cyperus rotundus.
38.) Structurally diverse terpenoids from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L.
39.) New cycloartane glycosides from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and their antidepressant activity.
40.) Investigation on Chinese herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhea: implication from a nationwide prescription database in Taiwan.
41.) Topical Cyperus rotundus oil: a new therapeutic modality with comparable efficacy to Alexandrite laser photo-epilation.
42.) Phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using nut grass, Cyperus rotundus.
============================================================
============================================================
1.) TIRIRICA / CYPERUS ROTUNDUS
============================================================
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Cyperus
Species: rotundus
Common names: Tirirca, Nutsedge, Tagernut, Hama-Suge,
Hsiang Fu Tzu, Hsiang Fu, Muskezamin, Musta, Mustaka,
Mutha, So Ken Chiu, So Ts'Ao, Souchet, Topalak, Boeai,
Mota, Roekoet teki, Tage-tage, Teki, Woeta,
Parts Used: Root, Rhisome
DESCRIPTION
-------------
Properties/Actions:
Alterative, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Antimalarial,
Antimicrobial, Anti-pyretic, Astringent, Carminative, Demulcent,
Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Emmenagogueue, Emollient, Febrifuge, Hypoglycemic,
Hypotensive, Immunostimulant, Nervine, Stimulant, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge
Phytochemicals:
--------------
1,8-cineole, 4alpha,5alpha-oxidoeudesm-11-en-3-alpha-ol, Alkaloids,
Alpha-cyperone, Alpha-rotunol, Beta-cyperone, Beta-pinene, Beta-rotunol,
Beta-selinene, Calcium, Camphene, Copaene, Cyperene, Cyperenone, Cyperol,
Cyperolone Cyperotundone D-copadiene, D-epoxyguaiene, D-fructose,
D-glucose, Eo, Flavonoids, Gamma-cymene, Isocyperol, Isokobusone, Kobusone,
Limonene, Linoleic-acid, Linolenic-acid, Magnesium, Manganese, Mustakone,
Myristic-acid, Oleanolic-acid, Oleanolic-acid-3-o-neohesperidoside,
Oleic-acid, P-cymol, Patchoulenone, Pectin, Polyphenols, Rotundene,
Rotundenol, Rotundone, Selinatriene, Sitosterol, Stearic-acid, Sugeonol,
Sugetriol
----------------------------------
Country ETHNOBOTANY WORLDWIDE USES
----------------------------------
China Abdomen, Ache(Head), Ache(Stomach), Amenorrhea, Anodyne, Aphrodisiac, Bactericide,
Bladder, Cancer(Cervix), Chest, Circulation, Congestion, Deobstruent, Depression, Diarrhea,
Dysmenorrhea, Dyspepsia, Emmenagogueue, Energy, Gastralgia, Hemicrania, Impotency,
Lactogogue, Menoxenia, Metritis, Metroxenia, Side, Stomachic, Tonic, Trauma, Virility, Vulnerary
Egypt Astringent, Bite(Scorpion), Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Dyspepsia, Emmenagogue, Emollient,
Fever, Stomachic, Ulcer, Vermifuge
Elsewhere Analgesic, Astringent, Bowel, Cold, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Fever, Fungistatic, Hair-Tonic,
Hypertension, Inflammation, Medicine, Perfume, Stomach, Tranquilizer, Vasodilator
India Astringent, Bowel, Stomach, Tumor(Abdomen), Vermifuge
Japan Anodyne, Emmenagogueue, Wound
Java Diuretic, Edema, Felon, Gravel, Leucorrhea, Sore, Stone, Whitlow
Sudan Astringent, Diaphoretic, Dyspepsia, Fever
Turkey Alterative, Astringent, Carminative, Demulcent, Diuretic, Emmenagogueue, Lactogogue,
Perfume, Stimulant, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge
============================================================
2.) Table-maker: Phytochemicals of Cyperus rotundus
============================================================
Chemical Part Amount (ppm) Low (ppm) High (ppm)
1,8-CINEOLE Root
4ALPHA,5ALPHA-OXIDOEUDESM-11-EN-3-ALPHA-OL Rhizome
ALKALOIDS Root 2,100 2,400
ALPHA-CYPERONE Root 1,500 5,000
ALPHA-ROTUNOL Root
ARSENIC Rhizome 0.29
ASCORBIC-ACID Root 90
BETA-CYPERONE Rhizome
BETA-PINENE Root
BETA-ROTUNOL Root
BETA-SELINENE Root
CALCIUM Rhizome 3,180
CAMPHENE Root
COPAENE Root
COPPER Rhizome 10
CYPERENE Essential Oil
CYPERENONE Essential Oil
CYPEROL Essential Oil
CYPEROLONE Rhizome
CYPEROTUNDONE Essential Oil
D-COPADIENE Root
D-EPOXYGUAIENE Root
D-FRUCTOSE Root
D-GLUCOSE Root
EO Root 5,000 10,000
FLAVONOIDS Root 12,500
GAMMA-CYMENE Root
IRON Rhizome 430
ISOCYPEROL Rhizome
ISOKOBUSONE Rhizome
KOBUSONE Rhizome
LIMONENE Essential Oil
LINOLEIC-ACID Rhizome
LINOLENIC-ACID Rhizome
MAGNESIUM Rhizome 1,500
MANGANESE Rhizome 28
MUSTAKONE Root
MYRISTIC-ACID Rhizome
OLEANOLIC-ACID Tuber
OLEANOLIC-ACID-3-O-NEOHESPERIDOSIDE Tuber
OLEIC-ACID Rhizome
P-CYMOL Root
PATCHOULENONE Rhizome
PECTIN Root 37,200
POLYPHENOLS Root 16,200
POTASSIUM Rhizome 10,100
RESIN Root 42,100
ROTUNDENE Root
ROTUNDENOL Root
ROTUNDONE Root
SELINATRIENE Root
SITOSTEROL Root
SODIUM Rhizome 254
STARCH Root 92,000
STEARIC-ACID Rhizome
SUGARS Root 132,200 144,000
SUGENOL Rhizome
SUGEONOL Rhizome
SUGETRIOL Rhizome
ZINC Rhizome 33
============================================================
3.) Cyperus rotundus L. (CYPERACEAE) (SEDGE FAMILY)
"Purple nutsedge" "Sa'ad" "hasir" "si'd"
============================================================
source: Ghazanfar, S.A. 1994. CRC Handbook of Arabian Medicinal Plants. CRC
Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL. 265 pp.
Properties/Actions:
Anthelmintic, diuretic, febrifuge, galactagogue. Earache, bee stings,
bites, dysmenorrhea.
============================================================
4.) TIRIRICA Cyperus rotundus
============================================================
Properties/Actions:
Abdomen, Ache(Head), Ache(Stomach), Alterative, Amenorrhea, Analgesic,
Anodyne, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Bactericide, Bite(Scorpion), Bladder,
Bowel, Cancer(Cervix), Carminative, Chest, Circulation, Cold, Congestion,
Demulcent, Depression, Diaphoretic, Diarrhea, Diuretic, Dysmenorrhea,
Dyspepsia, Edema, Emmenagogueue, Emollient, Energy, Fever, Fungistatic,
Gastralgia, Gravel, Hair-Tonic, Hemicrania, Hypertension, Impotency,
Inflammation, Lactogogue, Leucorrhea, Medicine, Menoxenia, Metritis,
Metroxenia, Perfume, Side, Sore, Stimulant, Stomach, Stomachic, Stone,
Tonic, Tranquilizer, Trauma, Tumor(Abdomen), Ulcer, Vasodilator, Vermifuge,
Virility, Wound
=============================================
5.) BALAKALPAM (PRODUCT NO 1 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
=============================================
Offers strong defence for infants and children. specially designed to
improve appetite, help digestion, stimulate growth in infants and children,
relieves constipation, corrects liver, protects liver, stimulates liver.
Takes care of all causative factors of infantile problems like abdominal
pain, colic spasms, fever, worms, diarrhoea, vomiting, distention of
abdomen, retention of urine, cold and bronchitis. Prevents nausea, vomiting
and infantile regurgitation.
INDICATION:
Complete tonic for children. Stomachic, laxative hepatic tonic & an
effective anthelmintic. Relieves cold, bronchitis, nausea, vomiting and
infantile regurgitation.
COMPOSITION : Each 15 ml is prepared out of.1
Cyperus rotundus Linn(Mustha) 750 mg
2 Aegele marmelos cor(Bilva) 500 mg
3 Nelumbo speciosa(Aravinda) 750 mg
4 Emblica officinalis(Amlaki) 500 mg
5 Vitis cinifera Linn(Draksha) 750 mg
6 Piper longum Linn(Pippali) 750 mg
7 Sida cordifolia Linn(Bala) 500 mg
8 Trachyspermum ammi roxb(Ajamoda) 750 mg
9 Eclipta alba Linn(Bringaraja) 750 mg
10 Myristica fragrans Houtt(Jatipatra) 250 mg
11 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume(Tvak) 250 mg
12 Elettaria cardamomum Maton(Ela) 250 mg
13 Mesua ferrea Linn(Nagakessara) 250 mg
14 Pogostemon sp.(Patra) 250 mg
15 Boerhaavia diffusa Linn(Punarnava) 500 mg
16 Tribulus terrestris Linn(Gokshura) 500 mg
17 Jaggery(Guda) 1250 mg
18 Honey(Madhu) 750 mg
DOSAGE: 2 teaspoons full twice or thrice a day or as directed by the
physician.
PRESENTATION: 200ml bottle pack.
PRODUCT EFFICACY:
A complete paediatric tonic.
Very safe and non habit forming.
Has anthelmintic properties.
Controls purges and tropical sprue.
Prevents nausea and vomiting.
Prevents infantile regurgitation.
============================================================
============================================================
6.) HEPATONE (PRODUCT NO 2 WITH CYPERUS ROTUNDUS)
============================================================
A Hepato corrective, Hepato stimulant & Hepato protective, Hepatone offers
hepato protection through conservation of glutathione, the main protective
intracellular Sulfhydryl peptide of the hepatocytes. Maintains the Hepatic
parenchyma in healthy state, helps to regulate liver function like
detoxification of metabolic products hepato-toxins, prothrombin,
coagulation of blood, SGPT levels and albumin-globulin ratio etc., corrects
the impaired function within the liver, and also related manifestations
from poor appetite to stunted growth to chronic constipation.
INDICATION:
Viral Hepatitis, Liver-Cirrhosis, Infective hepatitis, Hepatitis with or
without jaundice, constipation, anorexia, stunted growth, malnutrition & as
a hepatic stimulant.
COMPOSITION : Each 10 ml is prepared out of.1 Desmodium trifloum
DC(Hamsapathi) 100 mg
2 Coriandrum sativum Linn(Dhanyaka) 100 mg
3 Zingiber officianale(Sunthi) 100 mg
4 Piper nigrum Linn(Maricha) 100 mg
5 Piper longum Linn(Pippali) 50 mg
6 Plumbago rosea Linn(Chitraka) 50 mg
7 Cyperus rotundus Linn(Mustha) 50 mg
8 Piper cubea Lin(Sugandha Maricha) 50 mg
9 Cuminum cyminum Linn(Jiraka) 20 mg
10 Phyllanthus amarus(Bhumya malaki) 20 mg
11 Picrorhiza kurroa Royle Ex Benth(Kutki) 20 mg
DOSAGE: 1-2 teaspoon twice/thrice daily or as directed by the physician.
PRESENTATION: Net 200ml & 100ml bottle packing syrup form.
PRODUCT EFFICACY:
A prohylactic and therapeutic treatment for liver.
Corrects liver cell insufficiency, protects liver cell efficiency.
Improves appetite and digestion.
Treats constipation.
Promotes growth.
Acts as a cholagouge
============================================================
7.) Cyperus rotundus L. / Healthcare Properties
============================================================
CYPERACEAE
Local Names: Mutha (Oriya), Bathakanda (Bhumia), Matasola (Kandha)
Description of the Plant: Herb. Flowers in July / August. Frequently occurs in plains and rarely
occurs in hilly areas.
Plant Parts Used: Tuber.
Healthcare Properties:
----------------------
Asthma: Boil with ghee the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g), the seeds of Piper nigrum (21 no), the
ginger (10 g), clove (5 g) and cumin seeds (5 g) for few minutes, then cool it to become a paste.
Take 10 ml of this paste each time thrice daily for 5 days with a little honey. (S-23) [OR-3-3-238]
Headache: Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus into a paste. Apply this paste on forehead only once
to relief from headache. (G-13) [OR-1-3-457]
Skin diseases (Itches or vagina): Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g) into a paste. Apply this
paste on Itches area hear vagina once daily for 3 to 4 days. (D-4) [OR-2-2-1338]
Sores on head: Grind all the following into a paste: the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g), the leaves
and the tender leaves of Terminalia bellirica. Apply this paste on head before taking bath once daily
for 3 days. (D-4) [OR-2-2-1338] (or) Grind the tuber of Cyperus rotundus (25 g) into a paste.
Apply this paste on head twice daily for 3 to 4 days. (F-1) [OR-3-3-177]
Worm infection: Grind together the leaves of Cyperus rotundus (7 no) with the entire plant of Cyper
rotundus (3 no) into a paste. Make tablets with this paste. Take one tablet each time orally thrice
daily for one to two days. (K-15) [OR-1-6-686]
============================================================
8.) The ameliorating effects of the cognitive-enhancing chinese herbs on
scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
============================================================
Phytother Res 2000 Aug;14(5):375-7 Related Articles, Books
Hsieh MT, Peng WH, Wu CR, Wang WH
Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College,
Taiwan, R.O.C.
Ameliorating effects were investigated of the cognitive-enhancing Chinese
herbs administered orally for 1 week-Panax ginseng (PG), Panax notoginseng
(PNG), Dioscorea opposita (DO), Gastrodia elata (GE), Salvia miltiorrhiza
(SM), Acorus gramineus (AG), Coptis chinensis (CC), Polygonum multiflorum
(PM), Cyperus rotundus (CR) and Psoralea corylifolia (PC)-on the
scopolamine (SCOP)-induced amnesia by using a passive avoidance task in
rats. Of ten Chinese herbs, only PG, PNG, GE and CC prolonged the
SCOP-shortened STL. These results revealed that PG, PNG GE and CC
administered orally for 1 week improved the SCOP-induced learning and
memory deficit in rats. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
============================================================
9.) Rotundines A-C, three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids from Cyperus rotundus.
============================================================
J Nat Prod 2000 May;63(5):673-5 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Jeong SJ, Miyamoto T, Inagaki M, Kim YC, Higuchi R
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka,
812-8582, Japan.
Rotundines A (1), B (2), and C (3), three novel sesquiterpene alkaloids
with an unprecedented carbon skeleton, were isolated from the rhizomes of
Cyperus rotundus. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectral and
chemical methods.
============================================================
10.) Effect of feeding tagernut (Cyperus rotundus, L) meal on the performance of rabbits.
============================================================
Trop Anim Health Prod 1997 Feb;29(1):60-2 Related Articles, Books
Bamgbose AM, Nwokoro SO, Kudi AC, Bogoro S, Egbo ML, Kushwaha S
School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
============================================================
============================================================
11.) Antimalarial sesquiterpenes from tubers of Cyperus rotundus: structure of
10,12-peroxycalamenene, a sesquiterpene endoperoxide.
============================================================
Phytochemistry 1995 Sep;40(1):125-8 Related Articles, Books
Thebtaranonth C, Thebtaranonth Y, Wanauppathamkul S, Yuthavong Y
National Science and Technology Development Agency, Bangkok, Thailand.
Activity-guided investigation of Cyperus rotundus tubers led to the
isolation of patchoulenone, caryophyllene alpha-oxide,
10,12-peroxycalamenene and 4,7-dimethyl-1-tetralone. The antimalarial
activities of these compounds are in the range of EC50 10(-4)-10(-6) M,
with the novel endoperoxide sesquiterpene, 10,12-peroxycalamenene,
exhibiting the strongest effect at EC50 2.33 x 10(-6) M.
============================================================
12.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),Angelica sinensis
(Oliv.) Diels (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR), Ligusticum chuangxiong Hort (LC) and Peaonia
veitchii lynch (PV) on the
hemorheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1994 Feb;19(2):108-10, 128 Related Articles,
Books
[Article in Chinese]
Xue JX, Yan YQ, Jiang Y
Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing.
The "blood stagnating" rat model was built with adrenaline and cold
stimulation. Its hemorrheological character was an increase in the
viscosity, thickness and liability to coagulate. The experimental result
showed that AM and TAS could decrease the whole blood specific viscosity,
but at the same time increase the plasma specific viscosity. The
qi-regulating drug CR and two blood-activating drugs LC and PV could
improve the hemorrheological changes in "blood stagnating" rats. The
combination of qi-regulating drugs and blood-activating drugs had more
favorable effect.
============================================================
13.) [Revision on the type of leaf trace bundles of Cyperus rotundus L].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1993 Nov;18(11):648-50, 702
[Article in Chinese]
Zhou FQ, Si M, Li JX
Department of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, Shandong College of TCM, Jinan.
============================================================
============================================================
14.) [Effects of the combination of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (AM),tail of Angelica
sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. (TAS), Cyperus rotundus L. (CR),Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (LC) and
Paeonia veitchii Lynch (PV) on the
hemorrheological changes in normal rats].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Yao Tsa Chih 1993 Oct;18(10):621-3, 640 Related Articles,
Books
[Article in Chinese]
Xue JX, Jiang Y, Yan YQ
Institute of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing.
The results showed that AM and TAS had significant effects of enriching the
blood. CR, a Qi-regulating drug, LC and PV, two blood-activating drugs,
could improve all hemorrheological indexes, such as the whole blood
specific viscosity, the plasma specific viscosity, erythrocyte
electrophoresis, etc. The combination of Qi-regulating drug and
blood-activating drug displayed more favorable effect. This experiment has
provided some pharmacological evidence for the theory of "Qi Xue Xiang
Guan" (correlation of vital energy with blood circulation) in traditional
Chinese medicine.
============================================================
15.) [Treatment of intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia of gastric
mucosa with xiao wei yan powder].
============================================================
Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1992 Oct;12(10):602-3, 580 Related
Articles, Books, LinkOut
[Article in Chinese]
Liu XR, Han WQ, Sun DR
Qingdao TCM-WM Hospital.
138 cases of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 104 cases of atypical
hyperplasia (AH) of the gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis treated with
Xiao Wei Yan Powder (XWYP) were reported. The diagnoses were based on the
pathological examination of gastric antrum biopsy specimens. The cases were
randomly divided into treated group and control group. The XWYP contained
Smilax glabrae, Hedyotis diffusae, Taraxacum mongolicum, Caesalpinia
sappan, Paeonia alba, Cyperus rotundus, Bletilla striata, Glycyrrhiza
uralensis etc., and was prepared in powder form, taken orally 5-7g tid.
After 2-4 months of administration, gastroscopic and pathological
examinations were repeated. Results: In treated group, the total effective
rate of IM was 91.3% and that of the AH was 92.16%, while in control group,
they were 21.3% and 14.46% respectively (P < 0.01). It denoated that XWYP
had marked therapeutic effects for IM and AH. The animal experiments
revealed no toxic effect, so safety guarantee was provided for its clinical
application.
============================================================
16.) Monitoring and assessment of mercury pollution in the vicinity of a
chloralkali plant. IV. Bioconcentration of mercury in in situ aquatic and
terrestrial plants at Ganjam, India.
============================================================
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1992 Feb;22(2):195-202 Related Articles, Books,
LinkOut
Lenka M, Panda KK, Panda BB
Department of Botany, Berhampur University, India.
In situ aquatic and terrestrial plants including a few vegetable and crop
plants growing in and around a chloralkali plant at Ganjam, India were
analyzed for concentrations of root and shoot mercury. The aquatic plants
found to bioconcentrate mercury to different degrees included Marsilea
spp., Spirodela polyrhiza, Jussiea repens, Paspalum scrobiculatam, Pistia
stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Hygrophila schulli, Monochoria hastata
and Bacopa monniera. Among wild terrestrial plants Chloris barbata, Cynodon
dactylon, Cyperus rotundus and Croton bonplandianum were found growing on
heavily contaminated soil containing mercury as high as 557 mg/kg. Analysis
of mercury in root and shoot of these plants in relation to the mercury
levels in soil indicated a significant correlation between soil and plant
mercury with the exception of C. bonplandianum. Furthermore, the tolerance
to mercury toxicity was highest with C. barbata followed by C. dactylon and
C. rotundus, in that order. The rice plants analyzed from the surrounding
agricultural fields did not show any significant levels of bioconcentrated
mercury. Of the different vegetables grown in a contaminated kitchen garden
with mercury level at 8.91 mg/kg, the two leafy vegetables, namely cabbage
(Brassica oleracea) and amaranthus (Amaranthus oleraceous), were found to
bioconcentrate mercury at statistically significant levels. The overall
study indicates that the mercury pollution is very much localized to the
specific sites in the vicinity of the chloralkali plant.
============================================================
17.) Antimalarial compounds containing an alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl moiety from Tanzanian
medicinal plants.
============================================================
Planta Med 1990 Aug;56(4):371-3 Related Articles, Books
Weenen H, Nkunya MH, Bray DH, Mwasumbi LB, Kinabo LS, Kilimali VA, Wijnberg JB
Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Pure compounds were isolated from plant extracts with antimalarial
activity. The extracts were obtained from the tubers of Cyperus rotundus L.
(Cyperaceae), the rootbark of Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild) Waterm.
(Rutaceae), and the rootbark of Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster
(Euphorbiaceae). The most active compounds included (IC50 within brackets):
alpha-cyperone (1) (5.5 micrograms/ml), N-isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide (2)
(5.4 micrograms/ml), and securinine (3) (5.4 micrograms/ml). A mixture of
autoxidation products of beta-selinene was found to be the most active
antimalarial substances obtained from C. rotundus (5.6 micrograms/ml.
============================================================
18.) Antimalarial activity of Tanzanian medicinal plants.
============================================================
Planta Med 1990 Aug;56(4):368-70 Related Articles, Books
Weenen H, Nkunya MH, Bray DH, Mwasumbi LB, Kinabo LS, Kilimali VA
Department of Chemistry, Unversity of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Tanzanian medicinal plants were extracted and tested for in vitro
antimalarial activity, using the multidrug resistant K1 strain of
Plasmodium falciparum. Of 49 plants investigated, extracts of three plants
were found to have an IC50 between 5-10 micrograms/ml, extracts of 18 other
plants showed an IC50 between 10 and 50 micrograms/ml, all others were less
active. The three most active extracts were obtained from the tubers of
Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), the rootbark of Hoslundia opposita Vahl.
(Labiatae), and the rootbark of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae).
============================================================
19.) Effect of Nagarmotha (Cyperus rotundus Linn) on reserpine-induced emesis in pigeons.
============================================================
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1988 Jul-Sep;32(3):229-30 Related Articles,
Books, LinkOut
Shinde S, Phadke S, Bhagwat AW
Publication Types:
Letter
============================================================
============================================================
20.) Pharmacological studies to isolate the active constituents from Cyperus
rotundus possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities.
============================================================
Indian J Med Res 1971 Jan;59(1):76-82 Related Articles, Books
Gupta MB, Palit TK, Singh N, Bhargava KP
============================================================
============================================================
21.) Characterization of ferredoxin from nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L., and
other species with a high photosynthetic capacity.
============================================================
Arch Biochem Biophys 1970 Dec;141(2):676-89 Related Articles, Books
Lee SS, Travis J, Black CC Jr
============================================================
============================================================
22.) A pharmacological study of Cyperus rotundus.
============================================================
Indian J Med Res 1970 Jan;58(1):103-9 Related Articles, Books
Singh N, Kulshrestha VK, Gupta MB, Bhargava KP
============================================================
============================================================
23.) CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT OIL
============================================================
Synonyms : CYPERIOL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL); CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. ROOT
OIL; CYPERUS ROOT OIL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS); CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL;
CYPERUS OIL (CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. OIL);
Odor Description : Woody Cassie Boronia Violet Tea
Appearence : Amber Viscous Liquid
NAFTA H. # : 3301.29.6000
FEMA # : 0
Specific Gravity : N/A
Refractive Index : N/A
Melting Point : N/A
Boiling Point : N/A
Blends Well With : Clove Bud; Clary Sage; Oakmoss; Mimosa; Violet;
Soluble in : ;
Insoluble in : ;
Some Perfumery Uses : ;
Back to Information List. Information Only. Not offered by TGSC.
Description : Among the other Cyperus species which grow in tropical and semi tropical regions all
over the world, only a few have caught the perfumer's interest: Oil of Cyperus Rotundus is steam
distilled from the rootlets of a grass which grows in China, India, Japan and scattered over parts of
Sudan south of Sahara. Cyperus Rotundus Oil is a yellowish or amber to dark orange brown or pale
yellow brown viscous liquid. Its odor is quite interesting. The topnote is almost woody, resembling
cassie and boronia with a violet like or tea like Warmth. The odor becomes drier and more woody,
borneole like, camphor like but it remains faintly floral throughout the long lasting dryout. There are
some facts which confirm the possibility of confusion of this oil With vetiver oil from certain parts of
Africa.
============================================================
24.) POSSIBILITIES OF SOIL SOLARIZATION FOR THE ERRADICATION OF Cyperus
rotundus L. AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF SALINE SOILS
============================================================
E. LÓPEZ. Servicio de Investigación Agraria. DGA.
Apdo 727. E-50080 Zaragoza, Spain.
Soil solarization has proved to be an effective non-chemical soil desinfection method in different
areas of the world. Lack of water and unsuitable climate are the most important constraints in its use.
The possibility of soil solarization in irrigated areas of the Ebro Valley (Spain) was assessed from soil
temperature data.
The use of Fourier Analysis, a mathematical method for the study of periodic phenomena, provided
good predictions of soil temperature in solarized soils during 1991 to 1994. The sinusoidal equations
obtained with the data of the first week of solarization allowed the estimation temperatures for the
studied solarization periods at 10 and 20 cm depths. The validity of these sinusoidal equations for
representing the observed temperature data of the total solarization period was also demonstrated.
The effect of soil solarization, alone or combined with an application of glyphosate, on the control of
Cyperus rotundus was also investigated in naturally infested soils in the Ebro Valley. In those
experiments solarization increased the average hourly temperatures to 10-14 ºC, 12 ºC and 6 ºC at
10, 20 and 30 cm soil depths respectively. In 1991, soil solarization for 11 weeks controlled several
weed species, but not C. rotundus. In this year the application of glyphosate at 720 g/ha after soil
solarization reduced purple nutsedge density by 87.5 %, but the reduction was only of 30.5 % if the
soil was not previously solarized. In the 1993 experiment, solarization for either 6 or 10 weeks
reduced nutsedge density by 79 % and 76 %, one and 10 months after the end of soil solarization
treatments, respectively. The postemergence application of glyphosate did not improve purple
nutsedge control in the solarized plots. Experiments carried out in artificially infested microplots with
C. rotundus showed that solarization for one or two months delayed the development of new
tubers.
The effect of soil solarization on the salinization of soils subjected to shallow saline groundwaters was
also studied. The experiment was conducted in ferroconcrete microplots in which a static water table
was imposed at a depth of 60 cm from the soil surface. In 1993, the EC values in the 0-50 cm
profile at the end of the solarization period were not different if the soil was solarized for one or two
months, but these EC values were 50 % lower than those from non-solarized plots. In 1994,
differences between the treatments were higher, resulting in a significant reduction of salinity in
solarized soils. This fact allowed a great increase in the yield of Borago officinalis L. grown in the
solarized plots after the solarization period.
============================================================
25.) Control Of Nut Grass (Cyperus Rotundus) In Asparagus
============================================================
P. Sanders and A. Rahman AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Hamilton
ABSTRACT
Several herbicides were tested for selective control of nut grass in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)
over two growing seasons. The soil residual herbicides terbuthylazine, terbumeton, hexazinone,
diuron or their mixtures had little effect against nut grass when applied pre-emergence. EPTC
delayed emergence of nut grass for up to 8 weeks, with no suppressive effect after that. Norflurazon
caused considerable phytotoxic damage on the leaves but gave only a small reduction in plant
numbers. Bromacil reduced plant numbers and tuber production to low levels. The addition of
glyphosate or imazapyr at the end of the asparagus harvest season improved control of nut grass
compared with bromacil pre-emergence used alone. Not all herbicides tested are registered on
asparagus.
Keywords: asparagus, chemical control, Cyperus rotundus, nut grass, nutsedge
INTRODUCTION
Described by Holm et al. (1977) as the world’s worst weed, nut grass (Cyperus rotundus) has not
had a big impact on cropping in New Zealand until recently. This weed is a sedge, native to India,
and is often known by names of nutsedge or purple nutsedge. The plant has dark green leaves and a
triangular stem that carries the terminal loose umbel inflorescence which is reddish to purple brown in
colour. The fibrous root system with its extensively branching slender rhizomes gives rise to the
important characteristic feature of the plant viz. the many tubers that develop at 5 - 25 cm intervals
along the rhizomes. The tubers are usually found in the top 15 cm of the soil profile but can be as
deep as 40 cm. Seed production can occur but is thought to be very rarely responsible for the
spread of the weed.
Nut grass was first recorded in New Zealand by Cheeseman in 1883 and is now distributed
throughout most of the North Island from Northland to Wellington and also Nelson and Motueka
(Healy and Edgar 1980). Hilgendorf (1948) described some early North Auckland orchards as
being ruined by this weed. In recent years nut grass has spread into the arable lands of the Bay of
Plenty, particularly affecting maize crops, and in some asparagus crops in the Hawkes Bay and
Waikato. The spread is associated with the movement of tubers and appears to have been abetted
by the use of contract growing of field crops with large machines travelling from site to site. Nut
grass is capable of vigorous competition in all crops resulting in large losses of yield (Holm et al.
1977). Nut grass has demonstrated allelopathic properties in some trials, but these have not been
widely observed in the field (Parsons and Cuthbertson 1992).
Residual herbicides such as bromacil, EPTC and norfluazon are known to provide some control of
nut grass (Parsons and Cuthbertson 1992; Sheinbaum 1985). New Zealand is one of the few
asparagus production areas world wide using bromacil as a selective herbicide (Rahman and
Sanders 1983). Several other selective and non-selective herbicides have been used overseas with
varying success for control of nut grass (Hawton et al. 1992; Paxman et al. 1985; Siriwardana and
Nishimoto 1987). This paper describes our results with some promising herbicide treatments for
control of nut grass in asparagus over the last two growing seasons
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The trial site was in a 10 year old block of asparagus cv. UC157 located near Matamata. A severe
infestation of nut grass had developed over the entire block, possibly originating from an earlier
infested maize crop. Winter cultivation to bury asparagus fern trash and for general weed control
(and inadvertent spread of nut grass) had been done each year for the life of the crop except for the
winter of 1994. Thus soil disturbance which may have affected weeds and tuber distribution within
the soil profile, did not take place during the trial period.
Selective herbicides available for use in asparagus were reviewed and, from this list, potential
treatments were selected for comparison with standard residual herbicides (Table 1) viz. bromacil
(Hyvar), bromacil + diuron (Krovar 1), terbuthylazine + terbumeton (Caragard) and terbuthylazine +
diuron (Fenican). Additional treatments were EPTC, (Eradicane Super), hexazinone (Velpar),
imazapyr (Arsenal), glyphosate (Roundup) and norflurazon (Solicam). Treatments were applied
either as crop pre-emergence only (first week of September 1993 and 1994) or as a close up
treatment (end of asparagus harvesting and beginning of fern stage) in December 1993 and 1994. All
treatments applied at close up had a pre-emergence application of bromacil at 1.6 kg/ha for general
weed control at the start of each harvesting season.
Herbicides were applied with a precision plot sprayer in 300 litres/ha water at a pressure of 215
kPa. Plot size was 6 x 6 m and there were four replicates in a randomised block design. Regular
assessments were made of phytotoxic damage to nut grass shoots, ground cover and initiation of
flowering. Plant density of plots was determined by plant counts in 0.1 m2 quadrats at two randomly
selected sites. At the end of the season, fern stems were counted (three rows of 2 m each) to assess
treatment effects on the asparagus. After the nut grass foliage had died back and the ferns were
mulched, two soil samples were collected (31.5.94) from each plot to a depth of 300 mm using a 75
mm diameter corer. The numbers and dry weight of tubers were measured from the washed
samples.
Other competitive weeds present in the trial area were controlled with herbicides known to have no
significant effect on either nut grass or asparagus.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The terbuthylazine/diuron mixture showed little or no effect on the growth of nut grass (Table 1), and
is used in this trial for comparative purposes as the treatment that provided the least control.
TABLE 1: Number of nut grass plants/m2 counted at various times in the two growing seasons of
the trial.
Treatment (Pre-E) Rate First Second
(kg ai/ha) growing season growing season
30.11.93 12.1.94 5.4.94 17.11.94 13.1.95 14.3.95
----------------------------------------------------
terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 550 2000 1241 1649 1013 1994
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 283 1625 916 804 796 1163
EPTC 6.0 72 1500 968 869 305 465
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 370 538 603 320 351 389
bromacil 1.6 222 243 343 235 388 581
bromacil 4.0 237 328 364 134 85 104
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 267 105 244 138 93 108
glyphosatea
bromacil/imazapyra 1.6/0.25 277 48 143 119 131 15
imazapyr 0.6 32 58 94 114 368 734
SED 122 179 150 200 113 152
---------------------------------------------------
a Treatment applied at close up (December).
Hexazinone, the low rate of norflurazon (2 kg/ha) and the mixture of terbuthylazine plus terbumeton
also had little effect on nut grass and are not tabulated. Norflurazon, which has provided satisfactory
control of yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus) in asparagus in USA (Agamalian 1995), gave only a
minor reduction in the growth of nut grass resulting in plant numbers of about 50% of the
terbuthylazine/diuron mixture (Table 1) and ground cover approaching 100% towards the end of
both growing seasons (Table 2). Norflurazon in mixture with a low rate of glyphosate (1.44 kg/ha)
applied at close up (not tabulated) also did not provide long term control. EPTC restricted plant
establishment until the beginning of November, but its effects disappeared afterwards, resulting in
complete ground cover by the end of the season (Table 2). Poor weed control by the EPTC
treatment combined with its poor activity against nut grass resulted in a serious weed problem and
high numbers of nut grass. Application of EPTC at close up was also evaluated (not tabulated). It
resulted in a small reduction in plant numbers, ground cover and tuber numbers, but the mechanical
process of incorporating the EPTC was impractical and also caused some crop damage.
TABLE 2: Ground cover (%) of nut grass at various times in the two growing seasons and the
numbers and dry weight of tubers from soil samples.
Treatment Rate Nut grass ground cover (%) Tuber
(Pre-E) (kg ai/ha) First season Second season (No./) (g/m2)
23.12.93 5.4.94 12.12.94 14.3.95 31.5.94 31.5.94
---------------------------------------------------
terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 86 100 94 100 4980 1117
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 55 98 73 100 2490 550
EPTC 6.0 38 100 70 100 4103 877
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 45 76 40 68 2688 515
bromacil 1.6 25 45 40 75 2066 429
bromacil 4.0 28 35 17 16 1839 306
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 8 38 26 15 1302 218
glyphosatea
bromacil/ 1.6/0.25 15 23 25 1 1669 342
imazapyra
imazapyr 0.6 2 8 15 96 2094 447
SED 10 15 10 11 930 195
a Treatment applied at close up (December).
Imazapyr applied pre-emergence reduced nut grass plant numbers and ground cover in the first
season to about 10% of that recorded in the terbuthylazine/diuron treatment, but tuber numbers at
the end of the season were still relatively high (Table 2). Efficacy of this treatment was much lower in
the second season as shown by plant numbers (Table 1) and ground cover (Table 2) data recorded
on 14.3.95. However, use of imazapyr at close up over bromacil treatment applied pre-emergence
was very effective in reducing the plant density and ground cover of nut grass. It must be mentioned
here that imazapyr is not registered for use in any food crop as yet and is known to kill asparagus
plants on contact with the foliage.
Bromacil as a pre-emergence treatment showed a good level of suppressive activity against nut grass
during the season, reducing plant numbers to less than half that of the terbuthylazine/diuron mixture.
The highest rate of 4.0 kg/ha provided the best results overall. Control of nut grass by bromacil was
augmented with the post emergence use of glyphosate at close up. A single application of glyphosate
at 2.16 kg/ha applied in December was better than split applications at 1.44 kg/ha applied in
November and again in December (not tabulated). However a few new plants continued to emerge
after each application. The treatments that provided good control of nut grass were even more
effective in the second season after the repeat treatment application. Number and dry weight of
tubers in winter were strongly correlated (R=0.92) between the two parameters. There was also a
high correlation of tuber weights with plant numbers counted on 17.11.94 (R=0.72) and with the nut
grass ground cover assessment made on 12.12.94 (R=0.72).
The time at which nut grass flowering starts is indicative of the stress the plants are under. Flowering
had not started by 12.1.94 in plots treated with imazapyr or in 31 of the 32 plots which received
pre-emergence treatment of bromacil. In the second season also, flowering was delayed by the
highest rate of bromacil (4.0 kg/ha) and the two treatments in which glyphosate had been applied
post-emergence. Leaf damage varied over the season with plant density, age and cold weather.
There were effects following application of treatments which were usually short lived until new plants
established. Only the norflurazon treatments caused damage in the form of yellowing of the leaves
which lasted for the season, although it did not seriously affect the growth of nut grass (Table 3).
TABLE 3: Percentage of nut grass leaf damage at various times and the numbers of asparagus fern
stems counted/10 m of row length.
Treatment Rate Nut grass damage (%) Ferns
(Pre-E) (kg ai/ha) First season Second season (No./10 m)
30.11.93 12.1.94 12.12.94 13.1.95 30.5.94 3.5.95
terbuthylazine/ 2.6/2.6 1 0 25 53 112 153
diuron
norflurazon 4.0 65 18 78 63 144 166
EPTC 6.0 1 0 35 89 99 119
bromacil/diuron 2.4/2.4 23 0 55 16 163 209
bromacil 1.6 30 0 26 8 163 164
bromacil 4.0 46 10 75 18 170 245
bromacil/ 1.6/2.16 26 0 31 65 190 164
glyphosatea
bromacil/ 1.6/0.25 28 23 23 79 171 177
imazapyra
imazapyr 0.6 5 4 23 0 208 181
SED 7 11 10 9 29 32
----------------------------------------------
a Treatment applied at close up (December).
Fern stem counts were made near the end of each season to check the effects of treatments on the
asparagus crop (Table 3). The combination of poor control of nut grass and poor overall weed
control by EPTC affected the crop to give the lowest fern counts. High fern numbers on 30.5.94
were recorded in treatments that had good weed control, eg. the two high rates of bromacil which
were quite effective on nut grass. Fern numbers (30.5.94) were highly negatively correlated with the
nut grass ground cover (R= -0.67) and plant numbers (R= -0.61) (5.4.94).
Results from this study show good activity on nut grass by some of the herbicides registered for use
in asparagus in New Zealand. The combination of bromacil applied pre-emergence followed by
glyphosate at close up provided a satisfactory control of nut grass using products with which
growers are familiar. With commitment and a fastidious follow up programme of spot spraying, it
may be possible to reduce the weed infestation to low levels. Eradication of nut grass in asparagus
will depend on how deep the tubers are present in the soil, their longevity and dormancy
characteristics.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Bruce Stanley for his support in providing the trial site and willing cooperation in the
management of the asparagus crop.
REFERENCES
Agamalian, H.S., 1995. Evaluation of norflurazon for the control of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus
esculentus). Proc. 8th Int. Asparagus Symposium, Palmerston North, N.Z. (in press).
Hawton, D., Howitt, C.J. and Johnson, I.D.G., 1992. A comparison of methods for the control of
Cyperus rotundus L. Tropical Pest Management 38: 305-309.
Healy, A.J. and Edgar, E., 1980. Cyperaceae. Pp 189-190 In: Flora of New Zealand Vol III;
Government Printer, Wellington New Zealand.
Hilgendorf F.W., 1948. Family Cyperaceae. Pp53-54 In: Weeds of New Zealand and How to
Eradicate Them;. Revised by Calder, J.W. Fourth Edition; Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd., New
Zealand.
Holm, L.G., Plucknett, D.L., Pancho, J.V. and Herberger, J.P.,1977. Cyperus rotundus. Pp 8-24
In: The World’s Worst Weeds, University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.
Parsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E.G., 1992. Nutgrass. Pp57-61 In: Noxious weeds of Australia;
Inkata Press, Melbourne. Sydney, Australia.
Paxman, P., Annand, A.M., Lee, S.C., Orwick, P.L. and Peoples, T.R., 1985. The imidazolinone
herbicides. Proc. 38th N.Z. Weed and Pest Control Conf.: 73-77.
Rahman, A. and Sanders, P., 1983. Residual herbicides for weed control in established asparagus.
Proc. 36th N. Z. Weed and Pest Control Conf.: 136-139.
Sheinbaum, Y., 1985. Control of Cyperus rotundus and annual weeds in cotton with norflurazon.
Phytoparasitica. 13:259-260.
Siriwardana, G.D. and Nishimoto, R.K., 1987. Low rates of glyphosate for management of Cyperus
rotundus L. Symp. of 11th Asian-Pacific Weed Sci. Soc. Conf.: 63-71. \
26.) Neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects of the combined extract of Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale.
======================================================
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017 Mar 3;17(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s12906-017-1632-4.
Sutalangka C1,2, Wattanathorn J3,4.
Author information
1
Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
2
Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
3
Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. jintanapornw@yahoo.com.
4
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. jintanapornw@yahoo.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Currently, food supplements to improve age-related dementia are required. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of the combined extract of Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale (CP1) on the improvement of age-related dementia in rats with AF64A-induced memory deficits.
METHODS:
Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were orally given CP1 at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg.kg-1 BW for a period of 14 days after bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of AF64A. Spatial memory was assessed in all rats every 7 days throughout the 14 day-experimental period. At the end of the study, neuronal density, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress status and the activation of MAPK cascades in the hippocampus were determined.
RESULTS:
Enhanced memory, increased neuronal density, decreased AChE activity and decreased oxidative stress status together with activated pERK1/2 were observed in the hippocampus of CP1-treated rats. These results suggested that CP1 might improve memory via enhanced cholinergic function and decreased neurodegeneration and oxidative stress.
CONCLUSIONS:
CP1 is a potential novel food supplement for dementia. However, further investigations on the subchronic toxicity of CP1 and drug interactions are required.
===============================================
27.) Novel Food Supplement "CP1" Improves Motor Deficit, Cognitive Function, and
Neurodegeneration in Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.
===============================================
Rejuvenation Res. 2016 Aug;19(4):273-85. doi: 10.1089/rej.2015.1729. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Wattanathorn J1,2, Sutalangka C2,3.
Author information
1
1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand .
2
2 Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research and Development Center, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand .
3
3 Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand .
Abstract
Based on pivotal roles of oxidative stress, dopaminergic and cholinergic systems on the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), the searching for functional food for patients attacked with PD from Cyperus rotundus and Zingiber officinale, the substances possessing antioxidant activity, and the suppression effects on monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) have been considered. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of the combined extract of C. rotundus and Z. officinale (CP1) to improve motor and memory deficits, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and functions of both cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in the animal model of PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride (6-OHDA). Male Wistar rats, weighing 180-220 g, were induced unilateral lesion at right substantia nigra by 6-OHDA and were orally given CP1 at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 days after 6-OHDA injection. The results showed that the 6-OHDA rats treated with CP1 increased spatial memory, but decreased neurodegeneration, malondialdehyde level, and AChE activity in hippocampus. The decreased motor disorder and neurodegeneration in substantia nigra together with the enhanced catalase activity, but decreased MAO-B activity in striatum, were also observed. The memory enhancing effect of CP1 might occur through the improved oxidative stress and the enhanced cholinergic function, whereas the effect to improve motor disorder of CP1 might occur through the enhanced dopaminergic function in striatum by decreasing the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the suppression of MAO-B. Therefore, CP1 is the potential functional food against PD. However, further researches in clinical trial and drug interactions are essential.
==============================================
28.) Effect of Cyperus Rotundus on Cytokine Gene Expression in Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
==============================================
Johari S MPharm PhD1, Joshi C PhD2, Gandhi T MPharm PhD1.
Author information
1
Department of Pharmacology, Anand Pharmacy College, Anand, Gujarat, India.
2
Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The protective effect of the chloroform extract of Cyperus rotundus (CHCR) is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cytokines, important regulators of inflammation and repair, play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Targeting these cytokines can effectively ameliorate the symptoms of IBD. The aim of the present study was to unravel the molecular mechanism through cytokine regulation in rats in experimental IBD.
METHODS:
Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups (n=6). Group I served as the normal control. Group II served as the vehicle control and received 50% ethanol intracolonically on day 11 of the study. Group III served as the model control. Group IV and Group V were given standard drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) and CHCR (800 mg/kg), respectively, for 18 days once a day orally. Colitis was induced with dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (180 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) intracolonically in groups III-V on day 11 of the study. On day 18, the rats were euthanized and colon tissues were removed for IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma gene expression studies using quantitative RT-PCR.
RESULTS:
The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-gamma were upregulated in the model control rats. Pretreatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) and CHCR (800 mg/kg) significantly decreased the fold of the expression of the above cytokines.
CONCLUSION:
CHCR acts as a molecular brake and downregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes; this is beneficial for reducing the severity of the experimental IBD. Thus, Cyperus rotundus is a safe, economical, and effective alternative for the treatment of patients with IBD.
==============================================
29.) α-Cyperone of Cyperus rotundus is an effective candidate for reduction of inflammation by destabilization of microtubule fibers in brain.
==============================================
J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Dec 24;194:219-227. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.058. Epub 2016 Jun 25.
Azimi A1, Ghaffari SM1, Riazi GH2, Arab SS3, Tavakol MM4, Pooyan S1.
Author information
1
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, PO Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
2
Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, PO Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: ghriazi@ut.ac.ir.
3
Department of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
4
Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), commonly known as purple nutsedge or nut grass is one of the most invasive and endemic weeds in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. This plant has been extensively used in traditional medicine for anti-arthritic, antidiarrheal and antiplatelet properties as well as treatment for several CNS disorders such as epilepsy, depression and inflammatory disorders. Inflammation is evidently occurring in pathologically susceptible regions of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain as well as other disorders. Many cellular processes are responsible in chronic inflammation. Microtubule-based inflammatory cell chemotaxis is a well-recognized process that influences production of cytokines and phagocytosis. The effect of α-Cyperone, one of main ingredients of Cyperus rotundus on microtubule assembly and dynamics has not been examined and is the purpose of this investigation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Microtubules and tubulin were extracted in order to explore their interaction with α-Cyperone by utilization of turbidimetric examinations, intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) studies. The molecular docking analysis was executed in order to facilitate a more detail and stronger evidence of this interaction. The BINding ANAlyzer (BINANA) algorithm was used to evaluate and further substantiate the binding site of α-Cyperone.
RESULTS:
It was demonstrated that α-Cyperone had a pronounced influence on the tubulin structure, decreased polymerization rate and reduced concentration of polymerized tubulin in vitro. The CD deconvolution analysis concluded that significant conformational changes occurred, demonstrated by a drastic increase in content of β-strands upon binding of α-Cyperone. The fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that a static type of quenching mechanism is responsible for binding of α-Cyperone to tubulin. Upon characterization of various biophysical parameters, it was further deduced that ligand binding was spontaneous and a single site of binding was confirmed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that upon binding of α-Cyperone to microtubule the number and complexity of fibers were noticeably decreased. The computational analysis of docking suggested that α-Cyperone binds preferably to β-tubulin at a distinct location with close proximity to the GTP binding and hydrolysis site. The ligand interaction with β-tubulin is mostly hydrophobic and occurs at amino acid residues that are exclusively on random coil. The BINANA 1.2.0 algorithm which counts and tallies close molecular interaction by performing defined set of simulations revealed that amino acid residues Arg 48 and Val 62 have registered the highest scores and are possibly crucial in ligand-protein interaction.
CONCLUSION:
α-Cyperone binds and interacts with tubulin and is capable of distinctly destabilizing microtubule polymerization. The effect of this interaction could result in reduction of inflammation which would be highly beneficial for treatment of inflammatory diseases such as AD.
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30.) Identification of Neuroactive Constituents of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Cyperi Rhizoma Using Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation.
==============================================
Biomol Ther (Seoul). 2016 Jul 1;24(4):438-45. doi: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.091.
Sim Y1, Choi JG1, Gu PS1, Ryu B1, Kim JH1,2, Kang I3, Jang DS1,4, Oh MS1,5.
Author information
1
Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
2
Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
3
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul.
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
5
Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
Cyperi Rhizoma (CR), the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L., exhibits neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal diseases. Nevertheless, no study has aimed at finding the neuroactive constituent(s) of CR. In this study, we identified active compounds in a CR extract (CRE) using bioactivity-guided fractionation. We first compared the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities of four fractions and the CRE total extract. Only the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction revealed strong activity, and further isolation from the bioactive EA fraction yielded nine constituents: scirpusin A (1), scirpusin B (2), luteolin (3), 6'-acetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (4), 4',6' diacetyl-3,6-diferuloylsucrose (5), p-coumaric acid (6), ferulic acid (7), pinellic acid (8), and fulgidic acid (9). The activities of constituents 1-9 were assessed in terms of anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloid-β activities. Constituents 1, 2, and 3 exhibited strong activities; constituents 1 and 2 were characterized for the first time in this study. These results provide evidence for the value of CRE as a source of multi-functional neuroprotectants, and constituents 1 and 2 may represent new candidates for further development in therapeutic use against neurodegenerative diseases.
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30.) Isocyperol, isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus, inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses via suppression of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways and ROS stress in LPS-stimulated
RAW 264.7 cells.
==============================================
Int Immunopharmacol. 2016 Sep;38:61-9. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.017. Epub 2016 May 27.
Seo YJ1, Jeong M1, Lee KT2, Jang DS2, Choi JH3.
Author information
1
Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Division of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
2
Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
3
Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea; Division of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea. Electronic address: jchoi@khu.ac.kr.
Abstract
The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus (cyperaceae) have been used in Korean traditional medicines for treating diverse inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the biological activities of isocyperol, a sesquiterpene isolated from C. rotundus, and their associated molecular mechanisms. In this study, we found that isocyperol significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitrite oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and suppressed LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, isocyperol downregulated the LPS-induced expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). Isocyperol treatment suppressed the LPS-induced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) in macrophages. Moreover, the activation of STAT3, another proinflammatory signal, was suppressed by isocyperol in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Isocyperol pretreatment also induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and reduced LPS-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in macrophages. Furthermore, isocyperol significantly increased the survival rate and attenuated serum levels of NO, PGE2, and IL-6 in LPS-induced septic shock mouse model. Taken together, these data indicate that isocyperol suppress septic shock through negative regulation of pro-inflammatory factors through inhibition of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways and ROS. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the biological activity of isocyperol and its molecular mechanism of action.
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31.) Valencene from the Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus Inhibits Skin Photoaging-Related Ion Channels and UV-Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.
================================================
J Nat Prod. 2016 Apr 22;79(4):1091-6. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01127. Epub 2016 Mar 11.
Nam JH1,2, Nam DY3, Lee DU3.
Author information
1
Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine , 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
2
Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine , 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 410-773, Republic of Korea.
3
Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University , Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation deeply penetrates skin and causes inflammation and pigmentary changes and triggers immune responses. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that calcium ion channels, such as TRPV1 and ORAI1, mediate diverse dermatological processes including melanogenesis, skin wrinkling, and inflammation. The rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus have been used to treat inflammatory diseases including dermatitis. However, their effects on UV-induced photoaging-related ion channels remain unknown. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the antagonistic effects of C. rotundus extract and their constituents on TRPV1 and ORAI1 channels. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that valencene (1) isolated from the hexane fraction potently inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 and ORAI1 currents at 90 μM (69 ± 15% and 97 ± 2% at -60 and -120 mV, respectively). The inhibitory effect of 1 on cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentrations in response to ORAI1 activation (85 ± 2% at 50 μM) was also confirmed. Furthermore, 1 concentration-dependently decreased the melanin content after UVB irradiation in murine B16F10 melanoma cells by 82.66 ± 2.14% at 15 μg/mL. These results suggest that C. rotundus rhizomes have potential therapeutic effects on UV-induced photoaging and indicate that the therapeutic and cosmetic applications of 1 are worth further investigation.
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32.) New Iridoid Glycosides with Antidepressant Activity Isolated from Cyperus rotundus.
==============================================
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2016;64(1):73-7. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00686.
Zhou ZL1, Yin WQ, Yang YM, He CH, Li XN, Zhou CP, Guo H.
Author information
1
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University.
Abstract
Based on bioactive screening results, two new iridoid glycosides, named rotunduside G (1) and rotunduside H (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus, together with four known ones, negundoside (3), nishindaside (4), isooleuropein (5) and neonuezhenide (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and from literature values. In mice models of despair, 1 and 2 showed significant antidepressant activity.
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32.) Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
===============================================
J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2015 Oct-Dec;7(4):289-92. doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.168028.
Singh P1, Khosa RL2, Mishra G1, Jha KK1.
Author information
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
In the present investigation, ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus (EECR) rhizomes was evaluated for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic swiss mice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
After administration of EECR extract for 3 weeks, the body weight, blood glucose, biomarker enzymes (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT] and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]), and plasma lipid levels were measured in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
RESULTS:
The ethanolic extract at dose levels of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight revealed significant antidiabetic activity, improvement in body weight, and reduction in elevated biochemical parameters such as SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.
CONCLUSION:
These experimental findings seemed to indicate the use of this plant in traditional Indian medicine for the treatment of diabetes.
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33.) LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of total oligomeric flavonoid fraction of Cyperus rotundus and its antioxidant, macromolecule damage protective and antihemolytic effects.
===============================================
Pathophysiology. 2015 Dec;22(4):165-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Jul 28.
Kandikattu HK1, Rachitha P1, Krupashree K1, Jayashree GV1, Abhishek V2, Khanum F3.
Author information
1
Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India.
2
Food Engineering and Packaging Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India.
3
Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore 570011, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: farhathkhanum@gmail.com.
Abstract
In the present investigation, we identified the phytochemical constituents of total oligomeric flavonoid fraction (TOF) of Cyperus rotundus by LC-ESI-MS/MS and also demonstrated its antihemolytic effects against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) induced hemolysis of rat erythrocytes. Our results of TOF extract exhibited DPPH, metal chelating, ABTS, NO and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities with an IC50 values of 23.72±1.6, 52.45±2.88, 9.8±0.42, 6.5±0.33 and 120±6.83μg/ml respectively, whereas total antioxidant and reducing power activities were 194±12.5μg GAE/mg extract and 145±8.3μg AAE/mg extract. The extract showed potent inhibitory activity against AAPH induced plasmid DNA damage, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. The TOF extract mitigates AAPH induced hemolysis and exhibits ∼50% antihemolytic activity. TOF pretreatment also preserved morphology of erythrocytes as observed and measured by light microscope and atomic force microscope analysis. Furthermore, the TOF fraction effectively inhibited AAPH induced LDH release, ROS generation and lipid peroxidation. Taken together, our data demonstrate the antihemolytic activity of C. rotundus against AAPH induced oxidative stress of erythrocytes, and was associated with the decrease in oxidative stress, cellular damage and protection of macromolecules. In conclusion, the effects might be correlated with high content of flavonoids and polyphenols identified in C. rotundus. This suggests the clinical application of TOF fraction of C. rotundus against ROS induced cell death.
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34.) Cyperus rotundus L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities.
===============================================
J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Nov 4;174:540-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.012. Epub 2015 Aug 20.
Pirzada AM1, Ali HH2, Naeem M3, Latif M3, Bukhari AH4, Tanveer A5.
Author information
1
Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan. Electronic address: arsalpirzada@gmail.com.
2
Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan.
3
Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Punjab, Pakistan.
4
Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Punjab, Pakistan.
5
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 36000, Punjab, Pakistan.
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae) is a medicinal herb traditionally used to treat various clinical conditions at home such as diarrhea, diabetes, pyresis, inflammation, malaria, and stomach and bowel disorders. Currently, it is one of the most widespread, problematic, and economically damaging agronomic weeds, growing wildly in various tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The present paper summarizes the available information that will aid in future medicine preparation by identifying active ingredients and their mode of action for a specific therapeutic activity using the latest technologies.
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
This review article is based on the information available on the phytochemical, toxicological, and pharmacological studies on and traditional uses of C. rotundus. The present paper covers the literature available particularly from 2000 to 2015 online (Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Web of Science) and in books on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and botany of this plant.
RESULTS:
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies revealed the significance of C. rotundus as an antiandrogenic, antibacterial, anticancerous, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antilipidemic, antimalarial, antimutagenic, antiobesity, antioxidant, anti-uropathogenic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and nootropic agent. This is the most investigated plant worldwide due to the higher concentration of active ingredients in the form of essential oils, phenolic acids, ascorbic acids, and flavonoids in the tuber and rhizomes. Unfortunately, this significant plant species has not been assessed under improved cultivation conditions with the aim of conservation in natural habitats and high quality.
CONCLUSION:
Reports can be found on the ehtnobotanical use of C. rotundus in atherosclerosis, aging, apoptosis, cancer, cystitis, epilepsy, hirsutism, nociception, prostatitis, and genotoxicity disorders. The phytochemical and pharmacological activities of C. rotundus have supported its traditional as well as prospective uses as a valuable Ayurvedic plant. Previous researches focuses on the phytochemistry, biological properties and clinical application of rhizomes and tubers of C. rotundus. However, such studies on the other parts of this medicinally important plant are still quest to be investigate. Furthermore, future study should aim at confirming the clinical activities and safety of this plant before being used for the development of new therapeutic agent in human subjects.
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35.) 6-Acetoxy Cyperene, a Patchoulane-type Sesquiterpene Isolated from Cyperus rotundus Rhizomes Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.
===========================================
Phytother Res. 2015 Jun 10. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5385. [Epub ahead of print]
Ahn JH1,2, Lee TW1, Kim KH1, Byun H1, Ryu B2,3, Lee KT2,3, Jang DS2,3, Choi JH1,2,4.
Author information
1
Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
2
Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
4
Division of Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
Abstract
Cyperus rotundus (Cyperaceae) has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Although an anti-tumour effect has been suggested for C. rotundus, the anti-tumour effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of its bioactive compounds are poorly understood. The n-hexane fraction of an ethanol extract of C. rotundus rhizomes was found to inhibit cell growth in ovarian cancer (A2780, SKOV3 and OVCAR3) and endometrial cancer (Hec1A and Ishikawa) cells. Among the thirteen sesquiterpenes isolated from the n-hexane fraction, some patchoulane-type compounds, but not eudesmane-type compounds, showed moderate cytotoxic activity in human ovarian cancer cells. In particular, the patchoulane sesquiterpene 6-acetoxy cyperene had the most potent cytotoxicity. In this regard, propidium iodide/Annexin V staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP (deoxynucleotide triphosphate) nick end labeling assay were performed to study cell cycle progression and apoptosis. 6-acetoxy cyperene induced apoptosis, as shown by the accumulation of sub-G1 and apoptotic cells. Furthermore, treatment with 6-acetoxy cyperene stimulated the activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with caspase inhibitors neutralized the pro-apoptotic activity of 6-acetoxy cyperene. Taken together, these data suggest that 6-acetoxy cyperene, a patchoulane-type sesquiterpene isolated from C. rotundus rhizomes, is an anti-tumour compound that causes caspase-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells.
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36.) Cyperus rotundus L. prevents non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastric mucosal damage by inhibiting oxidative stress.
==========================================
Thomas D, Govindhan S, Baiju EC, Padmavathi G, Kunnumakkara AB, Padikkala J.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Since centuries, Cyperus rotundus L. has been used against gastric ailments in traditional Indian medicine, especially in Ayurveda and Siddha. Therefore, it is very obvious that this plant will have a greater potential to treat gastric ulcers. For this reason, in this study, we mainly focused on the ulcer-preventive role of C. rotundus in rats treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
METHODS:
Seventy percent methanolic extract of the plant was prepared and fed to 36-h fasted rats. Ulcer was induced in these rats by single oral administration of aspirin (400 mg/kg) 1 h after the administration of the plant extract. After 4 h, the rats were sacrificed, ulcer index was calculated, and antioxidant activity of the extract in gastric mucosa was evaluated by determining the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and tissue lipid peroxidation.
RESULTS:
Oral administration of different doses of C. rotundus rhizome methanolic extract (CME; 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) significantly inhibited aspirin-induced gastric ulceration in animals in a dose-dependent manner (49.32% and 53.15%, respectively), which was also comparable with the standard gastric ulcer drug ranitidine. Administration of CME also significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, cellular glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, and inhibited the lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa of ulcerated animals in a dose-dependent manner.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results showed that C. rotundus extract has the capacity to significantly inhibit aspirin-induced gastric ulcers through an antioxidant defense mechanism. This study warrants further examination of this plant for its gastroprotective activities.
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37.) Solanioic Acid, an Antibacterial Degraded Steroid Produced in Culture by the Fungus Rhizoctonia solani Isolated from Tubers of the Medicinal Plant Cyperus rotundus.
==========================================
Org Lett. 2015 May 1;17(9):2074-7. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00596. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
Ratnaweera PB1,2,3, Williams DE2, Patrick BO4, de Silva ED1, Andersen RJ2.
Author information
1
†Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka.
2
‡Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1.
3
∥Department of Science and Technology, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka.
4
§Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z1.
Abstract
Solanioic acid (1), a degraded and rearranged steroid that exhibits in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has been isolated from laboratory cultures of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani obtained from tubers of the plant Cyperus rotundus collected in Sri Lanka. The structure of solanioic acid (1) was elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR data, a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of a reduction product 2, and Mosher ester analysis on a derivative of the natural product. Solanioic acid (1) has an unprecedented carbon skeleton.
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38.) Structurally diverse terpenoids from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L.
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Planta Med. 2012 Jan;78(1):59-64. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1280216. Epub 2011 Sep 16.
Yang JL1, Shi YP.
Author information
1
State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.
Abstract
An extract of the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L. afforded two new sesquiterpenoids (2 and 3) with rearranged secoeudesmane and germacrane skeletons, and a new 9,10-seco-cycloartane triterpenoid (9), as well as seven previously reported terpenoids, including a monoterpenoid (1), five sesquiterpenoids (4-8) with guaiane, patchoulane, and eudesmane skeletons, and a 3,4- seco-dammarane nortriterpenoid (10). The structures of 1-10 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with the literature data. The structures of 2 and 6 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The carbon skeleton of 2 is the third example reported thus far of such a skeleton and the 9,10-seco-cycloartane framework of 9 has rarely been found from a natural source. Compound 7 was a new natural product and compounds 1-5 and 7-10 were discovered from the genus Cyperus for the first time. This study may provide some useful information for the chemotaxonomy for the plant Cyperus rotundus.
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39.) New cycloartane glycosides from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus and their antidepressant activity.
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J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2016 Jul;18(7):662-8. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1142976. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
Zhou ZL1, Lin SQ1, Yin WQ2.
Author information
1
a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , China.
2
b Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Guangxi Normal University) , Ministry of Education of China , Guilin 541004 , China.
Abstract
Two new cycloartane glycosides, cyprotusides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of IR, MS, NMR spectroscopic analyses coupled with chemical degradation. The potential antidepressant activity of the two compounds was evaluated. In the despair mice models, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant antidepressant activity.
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40.) Investigation on Chinese herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhea: implication from a nationwide prescription database in Taiwan.
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Complement Ther Med. 2014 Feb;22(1):116-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.11.012. Epub 2013 Dec 6.
Chen HY1, Lin YH1, Su IH2, Chen YC3, Yang SH4, Chen JL5.
Author information
1
Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung, University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
2
University of California, San Diego, Department of Reproductive Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States.
3
Department of Medical Research and Education, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan; Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, School of Medicine, National, Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: yuchn.chen@googlemail.com.
4
Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung, University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
5
Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung, University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming, University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Primary dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition, for which Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in addition to western medicine. The aim of this study is to explore CHM commonly used to treat dysmenorrhea in young Chinese women.
DESIGN:
Observational retrospective study.
SETTING:
The National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan.
POPULATION:
Women aged from 13 to 25 years with single diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea.
METHODS:
CHM prescriptions made for primary dysmenorrhea women during 1998-2008 were extracted to build up CHM prescription database. Association rule mining was used to explore the prevalent CHM combination patterns in treating primary dysmenorrhea.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Prevalence and mechanisms of CHM combinations.
RESULTS:
Totally 57,315 prescriptions were analyzed and, on average, 5.3 CHM was used in one prescription. Dang-Gui-Shao-Yao-San (DGSYS) was the most commonly used herbal formula (27.2%), followed by Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) (20.7%) and Wen-Jing-Tang (WJT) (20.5%). Corydalis yanhusuo and Cyperus rotundus were the most commonly used single herb, found in 33.1% and 29.2% of all prescriptions. Additionally, C. yanhusuo with C. rotundus is the most commonly used two CHM in combination, accounting for 14.24% of all prescriptions, followed by DGSYS with C. yanhusuo (10.47%). Multi-target effects on primary dysmenorrhea, such as analgesia, mood modifying and hormone adjustment, were found among commonly prescribed CHM in this study.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study discovered the potential importance of C. yanhusuo, C. rotundus and DGSYS in treating primary dysmenorrhea. Further clinical trials or bench studies are warranted based on the results.
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41.) Topical Cyperus rotundus oil: a new therapeutic modality with comparable efficacy to Alexandrite laser photo-epilation. ==========================================
Aesthet Surg J. 2014 Feb;34(2):298-305. doi: 10.1177/1090820X13518801. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
Alexandrite laser photo-epilation.
Mohammed GF.
Author information
1
Dr Mohammed is a Lecturer in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Erratum in
Aesthet Surg J. 2014 Jul;34(5):790. Abd El-Kaream Mohammed, Ghada Farouk [corrected to Mohammed, Ghada Farouk].
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Topical Cyperus rotundus oil is an effective and safe method to decrease hair growth. The oil's flavonoids have antiandrogenic activity on androgenic hair. To date, there have been no randomized controlled trials comparing topical C rotundus oil to the available allopathic modalities, such as laser-assisted hair removal.
OBJECTIVES:
In an open-label pilot study, the author prospectively evaluated the efficacy of C rotundus essential oil, compared with the Alexandrite laser (GentleLase; Candela Laser Corp, Wayland, Massachusetts) and saline, for reducing unwanted axillary hair.
METHODS:
Eligible participants (n=65) with unwanted axillary hair were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 study groups: topical C rotundus oil (group 1), saline (group 2), and Alexandrite laser (group 3). Sixty patients completed the entire study. Three methods were used to evaluate the results: hair counts, observations of independent professionals, and patient self-assessments.
RESULTS:
Overall results did not differ significantly between C rotundus oil and the Alexandrite laser (P>.05). However, statistically significant differences were noted with respect to decreased growth of white hair (P<.05), favoring the oil. This finding was evident by all 3 methods of assessment. No side effects were detected.
CONCLUSIONS:
Cyperus rotundus essential oil is as effective as the Alexandrite laser for decreasing the growth of axillary hair (both dark and white).
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:3.
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42.) Phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil using nut grass, Cyperus rotundus.
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J Environ Biol. 2012 Sep;33(5):891-6.
Basumatary B1, Saikia R, Bordoloi S.
Author information
1
Resource Management and Environment Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati-781 035, India. budhabasumatary@yahoo.com
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Cyperus rotundus (nut grass), that could be effective in phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil. A net house experiment was conducted with different concentrations (2.05, 4.08, 6.1, 8.15 and 10.2%) of crude oil-contaminated soil for 180 days. Plant growth, biomass, total oil and grease (TOG) degradation and microbial numbers were analyzed at different intervals i.e. 60,120 and 180 days in different percentages of crude oil contaminated soil. In presence of crude oil, plant biomass and heights reduced up to 26 and 21.9% respectively. Concerning TOG content in soil, C. rotundus could decrease up to 50.01, 46.1, 42.6, 38.8 and 32.6% in treatment I, II, III, IV and V respectively in vegetated pots during 180 days. In case of unvegetated pots, the reductions of TOG were 4.4, 5.6, 6.6, 7.6 and 9.6% in treatment A, B, C, D and E respectively. However, there was significant degradation (P = 0.05) of TOG in vegetated pots in comparison to unvegetated pots thereby proving the efficacy of this plant species for use in phytoremediation
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