LA MINOCICLINA, ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, Y EL COVID 19.
THE MINOCYCLINE, THE LYME DISEASE, AND COVID 19.
ACTUALIZADO 2025 -2026
NOTA: Esta es la cuarta (4ta) publicación que hago sobre la MINOCICLINA, la primera de ellas fue publicada bajo el nombre: LA MINOCICLINA, LO BUENO LO MALO Y LO FEO, la cual termino siendo publicada por la REVISTA DERMATOLOGICA DE CHILE. Posteriormente hice una actualización bajo el nombre de LA MINOCICLINA, EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME que fue publicada en la REVISTA ONLINE INVESTIGATIVE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, luego lance una nueva version que denomine LA MINOCICLINA NUEVOS USOS PARA UN VIEJO ANTIBIÓTICO, y hoy te traigo, otra nueva REVISION donde hablaremos LA MINOCICLINA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, Y EN EL COVID 19.
EDITORIAL ESPAÑOL
===================
Hola amigos de la red DERMAGIC EXPRESS te trae hoy un tema bastante
interesante LA
MINOCICLINA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, Y EN EL COVID 19.
Primeramente te voy a decir una vez más, que no es la primera vez que
hablo de este "VIEJO ANTIBIÓTICO", familia de las tetraciclinas el cual
hace muchos años, repito hace muchos años se le descubrió la HABILIDAD o
CAPACIDAD de acabar o destruir unos cuantos MICROORGANISMOS o
bacterias las cuales los científicos consideraban prácticamente
"INVENCIBLES" o "IMPOSIBLES" de exterminar.
El primero y quizá mas importante que te voy a mostrar es EL BACILO DE HANSEN, el MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE, bacteria milenaria y apocalíptica, causante de la LEPRA, descrita en la BIBLIA en el capitulo LEVÍTICO, descrito y descubierto por el científico Alemán ARMAUER HANSEN en él año de 1.873.
Esta MYCOBACTERIA se le considero "INVENCIBLE" hasta que aparecieron las SULFONAS, (DDS) diaminodifenilsulfona, LA RIFAMPICINA, Y el CLOFAZIMINE. Te estoy hablando de los años 1.940-1.945 cuando aparecieron estas medicinas, que conjuntamente con la INMUNOTERAPIA, decretaron el cierre de las LEPROSERÍAS en todo el mundo. Todo esto te lo conté en LOS CAPITULOS SOBRE LA LEPRA.
El primero y quizá mas importante que te voy a mostrar es EL BACILO DE HANSEN, el MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE, bacteria milenaria y apocalíptica, causante de la LEPRA, descrita en la BIBLIA en el capitulo LEVÍTICO, descrito y descubierto por el científico Alemán ARMAUER HANSEN en él año de 1.873.
Esta MYCOBACTERIA se le considero "INVENCIBLE" hasta que aparecieron las SULFONAS, (DDS) diaminodifenilsulfona, LA RIFAMPICINA, Y el CLOFAZIMINE. Te estoy hablando de los años 1.940-1.945 cuando aparecieron estas medicinas, que conjuntamente con la INMUNOTERAPIA, decretaron el cierre de las LEPROSERÍAS en todo el mundo. Todo esto te lo conté en LOS CAPITULOS SOBRE LA LEPRA.
Y algunos años después llego LA MINOCICLINA (MINO), un antibiótico que está cambiando la historia de la evolución de algunas enfermedades hoy día. Este antibiótico es familia de las "viejas" TETRACICLINAS, cuyo primer antibiótico fue sintetizado en él año de 1.940 bajo el nombre de CLORTETRACICLINA (AUREOMICINA) por el científico Benjamín Minge Duggar, del LABORATORIO LEDERLE.
Posterior a este descubrimiento fueron apareciendo en el mercado otras TETRACICLINAS: OXITETRACICLINA, DEMECLOCICLINA, LYMECICLINA, MECLOCICLINA. METHACICLINA, ROLITETRACICLINA, TIGECICLINA Y nuestra "FAMOSA" MINOCICLINA.
Específicamente la MINOCICLINA (MINO) nació en él año 1.961 y colocada en el mercado en el año de 1.967, bajo el nombre DE MINOCIN, el cual existe todavía hoy día. Han pasado 50 años, medio siglo desde su descubrimiento. Su uso principal fue destinado a combatir la bacteria del ACNE, pero posteriormente se le describieron otras propiedades.
En el año de 1.999 17, de Marzo, yo lance a la red el articulo LA MINOCICLINA, LO BUENO, LO MALO Y LO FEO, el cual fue publicado en la REVISTA DE DERMATOLOGÍA DE EL PAÍS CHILE, y lo relance actualizado el 10 de febrero de 2.017 bajo el nombre de MINOCICLINA ALZHEIMER Y OTROS TRASTORNOS NEUROLOGICOS, por sus nuevos usos. Es decir tengo casi 20 años hablándoles de las bondades de este antibiótico que lo diferencian del resto de sus congéneres.
En los años 80 y 90 se demostró que la MINOCICLINA tiene un efecto altamente potente contra EL MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE y se diseñaron varios esquemas terapéuticos en conjunto con otros antibióticos como la OFLOXACINA, CLARITROMICINA Y AMOXICILINA, para combatir la LEPRA, referencias 3,4,5,6,7,8.
Últimamente se le descubrió su efecto NEURO PROTECTOR, siendo utilizado hoy día en enfermedades como el ALZHEIMER, PARKINSON, ESQUIZOFRENIA, TRASTORNOS BIPOLARES ENCEFALOMIELITIS AUTO-INMUNE Y ESCLEROSIS MULTIPLE.
Entonces te estarás preguntando que "TIENE" este antibiótico que lo diferencia de sus congéneres, y te lo voy a decir: CLARO y CIENTÍFICAMENTE
1.) TIENE UN MAYOR AMPLIO ESPECTRO QUE OTRAS TETRACICLINAS.
2.) TIENE UN TIEMPO DE VIDA MEDIA EN EL SUERO: 2 A 4 VECES MAYOR QUE OTRAS TETRACICLINAS.
3.) TIENE MAYOR LIPOSOLUBILIDAD QUE LAS DEMAS TETRACICLINAS LO CUAL LE PERMITE TENER UNA MAYOR PENETRACIÓN EN LOS TEJIDOS COMO PRÓSTATA, CEREBRO Y SISTEMA NERVIOSO CENTRAL.
Me estas entendiendo? me estas copiando? Me estas sintiendo ?
Es por ello que hoy día se le ha encontrado a este antibiótico con MEDIO SIGLO EN EL MERCADO usos que el humano jamás pensó que podría ser útil.
AHORA VOY A EXPLICARTE LA RELACIÓN DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME CON LA MINOCICLINA, lo cual ya explique en las versiones anteriores, pero vale la pena recordar.
Si te pones a revisar las más conocidas BASES DE DATOS te encontraras que los antibióticos más utilizados en la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME del grupo de las tetraciclinas son la OXITETRACICLINA, y ULTIMAMENTE la TIGECICLINA, sin descartar por supuesto la MINOCICLINA.
Y el más utilizado, de la familia de las PENICILINAS, LA DOXICICLINA, También un antibiótico antiguo que nació en 1.961 y salió al mercado en 1.967 por el laboratorio PFIZER
Hace unos días leí un artículo de un paciente con ENFERMEDAD DE LYME que desarrollo parálisis de BELL y su tratamiento con DOXICICLINA fracaso, le recetaron MINOCICLINA y el paciente se sano. En muchos artículos aparece como primera opción contra la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME la DOXICILINA, y otros, pero no la MINOCILINA y mucho menos la PENICLINA G, de la cual no encontré casi estudios.
Pero si te pones a "ESCARBAR" bien las bases de datos te encuentras con la "SORPRESA" de que la MINOCICLINA en los años 80s y 90s, se le descubrió su efectividad en la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME, de hecho también hay algunos (pocos) estudios donde se demuestra que la PENICILINA G PROCAINICA también es efectiva en esta enfermedad, y aquí viene la gran pregunta ?
Porque estos dos antibióticos PENICILINA G Y MINOCICLINA (MINO) no son utilizados como PRIMERA ELECCIÓN CONTRA enfermedad de LYME? O en combinación con otros? Yo se que algunos científicos SI UTILIZAN LA MINOCICLINA, pero muy pocos o casi ninguno la PENICILINA sabiendo que la BORRELIA BURGDORFERI (EL AGENTE CAUSAL) ES UNA ESPIROQUETA como el TREPONEMA PALLIDUM que causa la SÍFILIS y que "MUERE" con PENICILINA.
Esta revisión la estoy haciendo para RECORDARLES A ALGUNOS CIENTÍFICOS que la MINOCICLINA, fue uno de los primeros antibióticos que luego de LA DAPSONA, RIFAMPICINA Y CLOFAZIMINA, tiene la habilidad, capacidad de ELIMINAR UN MICRO-ORGANISMO tan "DURO DE MATAR" como el MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE, esto habla por sí solo de su "POTENCIA" no importa lo "VIEJO" que sea.
Que quiero decirte con esto ? que tengo conocimiento del TREMENDO problema de salud a nivel mundial que está ocasionando la BORRELIA BURGORFERI y tienes a tu disposición 2 ANTIBIÓTICOS como PENICILINA G Y MINOCICLINA que pueden ayudarte con todos esos pacientes, sobre todo los que padecen de NEUROBORRELIOSIS, por la gran capacidad que tiene este antibiótico (MINOCICLINA) de penetrar los tejidos cerebrales.
También tienes OFLOXACINA Y CLARITROMICINA, entonces les sugiero a los investigadores UTILIZARLOS en la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME.
Por supuesto contra esta ENFERMEDAD DE LYME se ha utilizado numerosos antibióticos como: ciprofloxacino, amoxicilina, eritromicina, tetraciclina, cefalosporinas y otros
Para finalizar, como te dije en una de mis revisiones sobre la ENFERMEDAD DE LYME...
"NO DEJES DE RECLAMAR TUS DERECHOS SOBRE SALUD, TRATAMIENTOS Y PÓLIZAS DE SEGURO, PERO TAMBIÉN NO DEJES DE HACER UN BUEN TRATAMIENTO... NO SE RINDAN..."
Y también se cumple el viejo axioma:
"...LOS ARTÍCULOS CIENTÍFICOS NO PRESCRIBEN POR MAS "VIEJA" QUE SEA LA DATA DE PUBLICACIÓN..."
Y también podemos resumir que dos viejos antibióticos como la DOXICICLINA, familia de las penicilinas y la MINOCICLINA, familia de las tetraciclinas inventadas hace 50 años, son quienes están dando la gran batalla contra LA ENFERMEDAD DE LYME hoy dia. Yo particularmente creo que la MINOCICLINA es mas potente.
1.) LA MINOCICLINA Y COVID 19:
En el año 2020 llego la Pandemia del Sars-Cov-2, o COVID 19,
el segundo CORONAVIRUS, pues el primero apareció en el año 2003,
pero no tuvo tanta relevancia como este.
La aparición de este VIRUS, tomo al mundo por sorpresa,
desconociéndose los tratamientos mas adecuados, obligando esto a un
encierro mundial de la población en sus hogares.
Poco a poco fuero apareciendo las alternativas terapéuticas porque
NO EXISTÍA VACUNA para tal virus, y las que posteriormente fueron
INVENTADAS tipo ARN Mensajero, han dejado una ola de SECUELAS,
motivo por el cual estas VACUNAS
están altamente cuestionadas hoy dia.
Existe un DEBATE MUNDIAL sobre si deben suspenderse o no estas
vacunas tipo ARN mensajero.
Entre las alternativas TERAPÉUTICAS que aparecieron están el
HIDOXICLOROQUINA, Y LA IVERMECTINA, ambas medicinas antiparasitarias, que provocaron una POLÉMICA que
todavía hoy esta en la palestra. TAMBIÉN apareció el antiviral
REMDESIVIR, y antibióticos como la
LEVOFLOXACINA, AZITROMICINA, DOXICICLINA, y también la
MINOCICLINA.
Los científicos ITALIANOS fueron los primeros en descubrir que los
VENTILADORES MECÁNICOS NO FUNCIONABAN, pues se trataba de una
COAGULACIÓN INTRA VASCULAR DISEMINADA,
provocada por el VIRUS. Allí comenzaron a utilizarse los
ANTICOAGULANTES Y el ZINC como preventivos, aparte de altas dosis de
ESTEROIDES TIPO DEXAMETASONA.
2.) MINOCICLINA EN COVID 19 AGUDO:
LA MINOCICLINA NO DEMOSTRÓ
SER de gran utilidad en el
tratamiento agudo del COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a
diferencia de los antibióticos previamente señalados.
3.) MINOCICLINA EN COVID LARGO/POST COVID 19:
4.) MECANISMOS PROPUESTOS CONTRA EL VIRUS SARS-CoV-2:
1- ANTIVIRAL indirecto: Bloquea entrada viral vía MMP-9, estabiliza lisosomas endosomal.
2.- REDUCE LA DENOMINADA "TORMENTA DE CITOQUINAS", mediante un mecanismo antiinflamatorio: Inhibe NF-κB, microglía y
citoquinas (IL-6, TNF-α).
3.- NEUROPROTECTOR: Este antibiótico tiene la propiedad de cruzar la barrera hemato encefálica; es decir llega al cerebro, por lo tanto es útil en la FATIGA post-COVID; quizá este es uno de sus efectos mas beneficiosos en el llamado"POST COVID-19".
4.- ANTIBACTERIANO: Protege contra sobreinfecciones secundarias.
Estos eventos COINCIDEN con lo descrito sobre este antibiótico que hice en varias oportunidades.
5.) LAS EVIDENCIAS CLÍNICAS (2025):
1.) En el COVID agudo: Estudios fase II/III (2020-2022): Los estudios realizados no mostraron reducción mortalidad/hospitalización, en contraste con otras alternativas, como dexametasona/remdesivir, por lo tanto la CONCLUSION DE LAS guías WHO/NIH, fue NO RECOMENDADO.
2.) En el COVID largo:
A.- Estudio Miwa 2025:
Minociclina oral (100-200mg/día) en 19 pacientes COVID largo →
84% de mejoría de síntomas (fatiga, dolor, niebla mental) a
las 4 semanas.
B.- Otros Estudios pilotos: Reducción 60-70% fatiga crónica, seguridad buena (náuseas 10%).
6.) DOSIS Y ADMINISTRACIÓN PROPUESTA:
- En COVID largo (off-label):
B.- Otros Estudios pilotos: Reducción 60-70% fatiga crónica, seguridad buena (náuseas 10%).
6.) DOSIS Y ADMINISTRACIÓN PROPUESTA:
- En COVID largo (off-label):
La PRESENTACIÓN DE LA MINOCICLINA ES: Capsulas de 100 mgr.
100mg VO 2x/día x 4-8 semanas (200 MGR /DIA)
Monitoreo: Función renal/hepática semanal
Contraindicaciones: Embarazo, lupus, <8 años
7.) ESTADO APROBATORIO:
No aprobado por la FDA, ni la EMA (Comisión Europea) para el COVID; su estado aprobatorio sigue siendo: solo acné, rosácea, artritis reumatoide.
7.) ESTADO APROBATORIO:
No aprobado por la FDA, ni la EMA (Comisión Europea) para el COVID; su estado aprobatorio sigue siendo: solo acné, rosácea, artritis reumatoide.
Uso Off-label: solo en el COVID largo con NEUROINFLAMACION PERSISTENTE.
8.) CONCLUSIONES:
8.) CONCLUSIONES:
Como ha sido explicado en este articulo en los previamente
publicados, un antibiótico creado hace mas de 50 años todavía sigue
siendo útil no solo en el ACNE y ROSÁCEA (principales usos), sino
que se le descubrieron propiedades
ANTIINFLAMATORIAS y NEUROPROTECTORAS, y hoy dia 2026, sigue siendo ÚTIL en las patologías descritas,
incluyendo el MORTAL COVID 19, en su version larga o POST
COVID-19.
Saludos a todos
Dr. José Lapenta.
Dr. José M. Lapenta.
Saludos a todos
Dr. José Lapenta.
NOTE: This is the fourth (4th) publication I have made on MINOCYCLINE, the first of them was published under the name: MINOCYCLINE, THE GOOD THE BAD AND THE UGLY, which ended up being published by the CHILEAN DERMATOLOGICAL JOURNAL. Subsequently, I made an update under the name of MINOCYCLINE IN LYME DISEASE, which was published in the ONLINE INVESTIGATIVE JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, then I launched a new version that I called MINOCYCLINE NEW USES FOR AN OLD ANTIBIOTIC, and today I bring you another new REVIEW where we will talk about MINOCYCLINE LYME DISEASE, AND COVID 19.
EDITORIAL ENGLISH
===================
Hello friends of the DERMAGIC EXPRESS network, today it brings you a quite interesting topic MINOCYCLINE, LYME DISEASE, AND COVID 19. First of all I
will tell you once again that this is not the first time I speak of this
"OLD ANTIBIOTIC" family of tetracyclines which many years ago, I
repeat many years ago was discovered the ABILITY or CAPACITY
to finish or destroy many MICROORGANISMS or bacteria which scientists considered
practically "INVINCIBLE" or "IMPOSSIBLE" to exterminate.
The first and perhaps most important that I will show you is THE HANSEN'S BACILLI, the MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE, a millenary and apocalyptic bacterium, responsible for LEPROSY mentioned in the BIBLE in the LEVITIC'S chapter , described and discovered by the scientist ARMAUER HANSEN in The year of 1.873.
This MYCOBACTERIUM was considered "INVINCIBLE" until SULPHONES appeared, (DDS) diaminodiphenylsulfone, RAFAMPICINE, and CLOFAZIMINE. I am speaking of the years 1940-1945 when these medicines appeared, which together with IMMUNOTHERAPY, decreed the closure of LEPROSERIES throughout the world wide. All this I told you in THE LEPROSY CHAPTERS.
And a few years later came the MINOCYCLINE (MINO), an antibiotic that is changing the history of the evolution of some diseases today. This antibiotic is a family of "old" TETRACYCLINES whose first antibiotic was synthesized in the year 1.940 under the name CHLORTETRACYCLINE (AUREOMYCIN) by the scientist Benjamin Minge Duggar, of LABORATORY LEDERLE.
Subsequent to this discovery, other TETRACYCLINES appeared on the market: OXYTETRACYCLINE, DEMECLOCYCLINE, LYMECYCLINE, MECLOCYCLINE. METHACYCLINE, ROLITETRACYCLINE TIGECYCLINE AND OUR "FAMOUS" MINOCYCLINE.
Specifically MINOCYCLINE (MINO) was born in 1.961 and placed on the market in the year 1.967, under the name MINOCIN, which still exists today. It's been 50 years, half a century since its discovery. Its main use was to combat ACNE bacteria, but other properties were later described.
In March 1.999, 17, I launched the article THE MINOCYCLINE, THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UGLY, which was published in the Dermatology's magazine of Chile, and updated on February 10, 2,017 under the name MINOCYCLINE ALZHEIMER AND OTHER NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS, for its new uses. This means that I have 20 years talking about the benefits of this antibiotic that differentiate it from the rest of its congeneries.
In the 1980s and 1990s, MINOCYCLINE was shown to have a highly potent effect against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE and several therapeutic regimens were designed in conjunction with other antibiotics such as OFLOXACINE, CLARITROMYCIN, AND AMOXYCYLIN to combat LEPROSY, references 3,4,5,6,7,8.
Recently it has been discovered its effect NEUROPROTECTOR, being used today in diseases like ALZHEIMER, PARKINSON, SCHIZOPHRENIA, BIPOLAR DISORDERS, AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.
Then you'll be asking yourself "WHAT HAS" this antibiotic that THAT MAKES IT DIFFERENT FROM ITS CONGENERIES, and I'll tell you: CLEAR and SCIENTIFICALLY
1.) HAS MORE BROAD SPECTRUM THAN OTHER TETRACYCLINES.
2.) HAVE AN AVERAGE LIFETIME IN SERUM: 2 TO 4 TIMES GREATER THAN OTHER TETRACYCLINES.
3.) IT HAS GREATER LIPOSOLUBILITY THAN OTHER TETRACYCLINES WHICH ALLOWS IT TO HAVE GREATER PENETRATION IN THE TISSUES AS PROSTATE, BRAIN AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Are you understanding me? you are copying me? Are you feeling me ?
That is why today we have found this antibiotic with uses that the human never thought could be useful.
NOW I AM GOING TO EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP OF LYME DISEASE WITH MINOCYCLINE.
If you go to review the most known DATABASES you will find that the antibiotics most used in LYME DISEASE of the group of tetracyclines are OXYTETRACYCLINE, and LATELY TIGECYCLINE, without ruling out the MINOCYCLINE.
And the most used, family of PENICILLINS, DOXYCYCLINE, Also an old antibiotic that was born in 1.961 and came on the market in 1.967 by the laboratory PFIZER
A few days ago I read an article of a patient with LYME DISEASE who developed BELL'S Paralysis and its treatment with DOXYCYCLINE failure, they prescribed MINOCYCLINE and the patient was healthy. In many articles it appears as a first option against LYME DISEASE DOXYCYLINE, and others, but not the MINOCYCLINE, much less the G PENICILLIN, of which I did not find almost studies.
But if you get to "DIG" well the databases you find the "SURPRISE" that MINOCYCLINE in the 80s and 90s, was discovered its effectiveness in LYME DISEASE, in fact there are also some (few) Studies where it is shown that PENICILLIN G PROCAINIC is also effective in this disease, and here comes the big question
Why ? these two antibiotics G PENICILLIN AND MINOCYCLINE (MINO) are not used as the FIRST ELECTION against LYME disease? Or in combination with others? I know that some scientists DO USE THE MINOCYCLINE, but very few or almost none of the G PENICILLIN, knowing that the BORRELIA is a SPIROQUETTE like the TREPONEMA PALLIDUM that causes SYPHIILIS and that it "DIES" with PENICILLIN.
This review I am doing to REMEMBER TO SOME SCIENTISTS that MINOCYCLINE was one of the first antibiotics that after THE DAPSONE, RIFAMPICIN and CLOFAZYMINE, has the ability, to eliminate a MICRO-ORGANISM as "HARD DIE" as the MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE, this speaks for itself of its "POWER" no matter how "OLD" it is.
What do I want to tell you with this? That I have knowledge of the "TREMENDOUS" health problem worldwide that is causing the BORRELIA BURGORFERI and you have at your disposal 2 ANTIBIOTICS such as G PENICILLIN and MINOCYCLINE that can help you with all those patients, especially those suffering from NEUROBORRELIOSIS, because of the great capacity it has this antibiotic (MINOCYCLINE) to penetrate the brain tissues.
You also have OFLOXACIN AND CLARITHROMYCIN, so I suggest researchers use them in LYME DISEASE.
Of course against this LYME DISEASE has been used numerous antibiotics such as: ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalosporins and others.
Finally, as I said in one of my reviews on LYME DISEASE ...
"...DO NOT STOP CLAIMING YOUR RIGHTS ON HEALTH, TREATMENT AND INSURANCE POLICY, BUT ALSO DO NOT HESITATE TO MAKE A GOOD TREATMENT ... DO NOT GIVE UP ..."
And also the old axiom is fulfilled:
"...THE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES DO NOT PRESCRIBE FOR MORE" OLD "THAT IS THE DATE OF PUBLICATION ..."
And we can also summarize that two old antibiotics like DOXYCYCLINE, a family of penilins and MINOCYCLINE, a family of tetracyclines invented 50 years ago, are the ones who are giving the big battle against LYME DISEASE today. I particularly think MINOCYCLINE is more powerful.
The first and perhaps most important that I will show you is THE HANSEN'S BACILLI, the MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE, a millenary and apocalyptic bacterium, responsible for LEPROSY mentioned in the BIBLE in the LEVITIC'S chapter , described and discovered by the scientist ARMAUER HANSEN in The year of 1.873.
This MYCOBACTERIUM was considered "INVINCIBLE" until SULPHONES appeared, (DDS) diaminodiphenylsulfone, RAFAMPICINE, and CLOFAZIMINE. I am speaking of the years 1940-1945 when these medicines appeared, which together with IMMUNOTHERAPY, decreed the closure of LEPROSERIES throughout the world wide. All this I told you in THE LEPROSY CHAPTERS.
And a few years later came the MINOCYCLINE (MINO), an antibiotic that is changing the history of the evolution of some diseases today. This antibiotic is a family of "old" TETRACYCLINES whose first antibiotic was synthesized in the year 1.940 under the name CHLORTETRACYCLINE (AUREOMYCIN) by the scientist Benjamin Minge Duggar, of LABORATORY LEDERLE.
Subsequent to this discovery, other TETRACYCLINES appeared on the market: OXYTETRACYCLINE, DEMECLOCYCLINE, LYMECYCLINE, MECLOCYCLINE. METHACYCLINE, ROLITETRACYCLINE TIGECYCLINE AND OUR "FAMOUS" MINOCYCLINE.
Specifically MINOCYCLINE (MINO) was born in 1.961 and placed on the market in the year 1.967, under the name MINOCIN, which still exists today. It's been 50 years, half a century since its discovery. Its main use was to combat ACNE bacteria, but other properties were later described.
In March 1.999, 17, I launched the article THE MINOCYCLINE, THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UGLY, which was published in the Dermatology's magazine of Chile, and updated on February 10, 2,017 under the name MINOCYCLINE ALZHEIMER AND OTHER NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS, for its new uses. This means that I have 20 years talking about the benefits of this antibiotic that differentiate it from the rest of its congeneries.
In the 1980s and 1990s, MINOCYCLINE was shown to have a highly potent effect against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE and several therapeutic regimens were designed in conjunction with other antibiotics such as OFLOXACINE, CLARITROMYCIN, AND AMOXYCYLIN to combat LEPROSY, references 3,4,5,6,7,8.
Recently it has been discovered its effect NEUROPROTECTOR, being used today in diseases like ALZHEIMER, PARKINSON, SCHIZOPHRENIA, BIPOLAR DISORDERS, AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.
Then you'll be asking yourself "WHAT HAS" this antibiotic that THAT MAKES IT DIFFERENT FROM ITS CONGENERIES, and I'll tell you: CLEAR and SCIENTIFICALLY
1.) HAS MORE BROAD SPECTRUM THAN OTHER TETRACYCLINES.
2.) HAVE AN AVERAGE LIFETIME IN SERUM: 2 TO 4 TIMES GREATER THAN OTHER TETRACYCLINES.
3.) IT HAS GREATER LIPOSOLUBILITY THAN OTHER TETRACYCLINES WHICH ALLOWS IT TO HAVE GREATER PENETRATION IN THE TISSUES AS PROSTATE, BRAIN AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Are you understanding me? you are copying me? Are you feeling me ?
That is why today we have found this antibiotic with uses that the human never thought could be useful.
NOW I AM GOING TO EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP OF LYME DISEASE WITH MINOCYCLINE.
If you go to review the most known DATABASES you will find that the antibiotics most used in LYME DISEASE of the group of tetracyclines are OXYTETRACYCLINE, and LATELY TIGECYCLINE, without ruling out the MINOCYCLINE.
And the most used, family of PENICILLINS, DOXYCYCLINE, Also an old antibiotic that was born in 1.961 and came on the market in 1.967 by the laboratory PFIZER
A few days ago I read an article of a patient with LYME DISEASE who developed BELL'S Paralysis and its treatment with DOXYCYCLINE failure, they prescribed MINOCYCLINE and the patient was healthy. In many articles it appears as a first option against LYME DISEASE DOXYCYLINE, and others, but not the MINOCYCLINE, much less the G PENICILLIN, of which I did not find almost studies.
But if you get to "DIG" well the databases you find the "SURPRISE" that MINOCYCLINE in the 80s and 90s, was discovered its effectiveness in LYME DISEASE, in fact there are also some (few) Studies where it is shown that PENICILLIN G PROCAINIC is also effective in this disease, and here comes the big question
Why ? these two antibiotics G PENICILLIN AND MINOCYCLINE (MINO) are not used as the FIRST ELECTION against LYME disease? Or in combination with others? I know that some scientists DO USE THE MINOCYCLINE, but very few or almost none of the G PENICILLIN, knowing that the BORRELIA is a SPIROQUETTE like the TREPONEMA PALLIDUM that causes SYPHIILIS and that it "DIES" with PENICILLIN.
This review I am doing to REMEMBER TO SOME SCIENTISTS that MINOCYCLINE was one of the first antibiotics that after THE DAPSONE, RIFAMPICIN and CLOFAZYMINE, has the ability, to eliminate a MICRO-ORGANISM as "HARD DIE" as the MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE, this speaks for itself of its "POWER" no matter how "OLD" it is.
What do I want to tell you with this? That I have knowledge of the "TREMENDOUS" health problem worldwide that is causing the BORRELIA BURGORFERI and you have at your disposal 2 ANTIBIOTICS such as G PENICILLIN and MINOCYCLINE that can help you with all those patients, especially those suffering from NEUROBORRELIOSIS, because of the great capacity it has this antibiotic (MINOCYCLINE) to penetrate the brain tissues.
You also have OFLOXACIN AND CLARITHROMYCIN, so I suggest researchers use them in LYME DISEASE.
Of course against this LYME DISEASE has been used numerous antibiotics such as: ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, cephalosporins and others.
Finally, as I said in one of my reviews on LYME DISEASE ...
"...DO NOT STOP CLAIMING YOUR RIGHTS ON HEALTH, TREATMENT AND INSURANCE POLICY, BUT ALSO DO NOT HESITATE TO MAKE A GOOD TREATMENT ... DO NOT GIVE UP ..."
And also the old axiom is fulfilled:
"...THE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES DO NOT PRESCRIBE FOR MORE" OLD "THAT IS THE DATE OF PUBLICATION ..."
And we can also summarize that two old antibiotics like DOXYCYCLINE, a family of penilins and MINOCYCLINE, a family of tetracyclines invented 50 years ago, are the ones who are giving the big battle against LYME DISEASE today. I particularly think MINOCYCLINE is more powerful.
1.) MINOCYCLINE AND COVID 19:
In the year 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic arrived, or COVID 19, the second CORONAVIRUS, since the first appeared in the year 2003, but it did not have as much relevance as this one.
The appearance of this VIRUS took the world by surprise, with the most appropriate treatments unknown, forcing this to a worldwide lockdown of the population in their homes.
Little by little, therapeutic alternatives began to appear because there was NO VACCINE for such a virus, and those that were subsequently INVENTED, such as messenger RNA type, have left a wave of SEQUELAE, which is why these VACCINES are highly questioned today.
There is a WORLDWIDE DEBATE on whether these messenger RNA type vaccines should be suspended or not.
Among the therapeutic ALTERNATIVES that appeared are HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE and IVERMECTIN, both antiparasitic medicines, which caused a CONTROVERSY that is still in the spotlight today. THE ANTIVIRAL REMDESIVIR also appeared, and antibiotics such as LEVOFLOXACIN, AZITHROMYCIN, DOXYCYCLINE, and also MINOCYCLINE.
The ITALIAN SCIENTISTS were the first to discover that MECHANICAL VENTILATORS DID NOT WORK, because it was a DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION caused by the VIRUS. There, ANTICOAGULANTS and ZINC began to be used as preventives, apart from high doses of STEROIDS like DEXAMETHASONE.
2.) MINOCYCLINE IN ACUTE COVID 19:
MINOCYCLINE DID NOT PROVE to be of great utility in the acute treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), unlike the previously mentioned antibiotics.
3.) MINOCYCLINE IN LONG COVID/POST COVID 19:
In the cases called long COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), or POST COVID-19, MINOCYCLINE has proven to be USEFUL, because as described earlier, this "old" antibiotic has been described with NEUROPROTECTIVE, ANTIVIRAL (indirect) and ANTIINFLAMMATORY effects.
4.) PROPOSED MECHANISMS AGAINST THE SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS:
1- ANTIVIRAL indirect: Blocks viral entry via MMP-9, stabilizes endosomal lysosomes.
2.- REDUCES the so-called "CYTOKINE STORM", through an anti-inflammatory mechanism: Inhibits NF-κB, microglia and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α).
3.- NEUROPROTECTIVE: This antibiotic has the property of crossing the blood-brain barrier; that is, it reaches the brain, therefore it is useful in post-COVID FATIGUE; perhaps this is one of its most beneficial effects in the so-called "POST COVID-19".
4.- ANTIBACTERIAL: Protects against secondary superinfections.
These events COINCIDE with what was described about this antibiotic that I have done on several occasions.
5.) CLINICAL EVIDENCE (2025):
1.) In acute COVID: Phase II/III studies (2020-2022): The studies conducted did not show reduction in mortality/hospitalization, in contrast to other alternatives like dexamethasone/remdesivir, therefore the CONCLUSION OF THE WHO/NIH guidelines was NOT RECOMMENDED.
2.) In long COVID:
A.- Study Miwa 2025: Oral minocycline (100-200mg/day) in 19 long COVID patients → 84% improvement in symptoms (fatigue, pain, brain fog) at 4 weeks.
B.- Other pilot studies: Reduction 60-70% chronic fatigue, good safety (nausea 10%).
6.) PROPOSED DOSE AND ADMINISTRATION:
- In long COVID (off-label):
THE PRESENTATION OF MINOCYCLINE IS: 100 mg capsules.
100mg PO 2x/day x 4-8 weeks (200 MG/DAY)
Monitoring: Renal/hepatic function weekly
Contraindications: Pregnancy, lupus, <8 years
7.) APPROVAL STATUS:
Not approved by the FDA, nor EMA (European Commission) for COVID; its approval status remains: only acne, rosacea, rheumatoid arthritis.
Off-label use: only in long COVID with PERSISTENT NEUROINFLAMMATION.
8.) CONCLUSIONS:
As explained in this article and the previously published ones, an antibiotic created more than 50 years ago is still useful not only in ACNE and ROSACEA (main uses), but ANTI-INFLAMMATORY and NEUROPROTECTIVE properties were discovered, and today 2026, it continues to be USEFUL in the described pathologies, including the DEADLY COVID 19, in its long or POST COVID-19 version.
Greetings to all
Dr. José Lapenta.
Dr. José M. Lapenta.
=======================================================================
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS/ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
=======================================================================
In the year 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic arrived, or COVID 19, the second CORONAVIRUS, since the first appeared in the year 2003, but it did not have as much relevance as this one.
The appearance of this VIRUS took the world by surprise, with the most appropriate treatments unknown, forcing this to a worldwide lockdown of the population in their homes.
Little by little, therapeutic alternatives began to appear because there was NO VACCINE for such a virus, and those that were subsequently INVENTED, such as messenger RNA type, have left a wave of SEQUELAE, which is why these VACCINES are highly questioned today.
There is a WORLDWIDE DEBATE on whether these messenger RNA type vaccines should be suspended or not.
Among the therapeutic ALTERNATIVES that appeared are HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE and IVERMECTIN, both antiparasitic medicines, which caused a CONTROVERSY that is still in the spotlight today. THE ANTIVIRAL REMDESIVIR also appeared, and antibiotics such as LEVOFLOXACIN, AZITHROMYCIN, DOXYCYCLINE, and also MINOCYCLINE.
The ITALIAN SCIENTISTS were the first to discover that MECHANICAL VENTILATORS DID NOT WORK, because it was a DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION caused by the VIRUS. There, ANTICOAGULANTS and ZINC began to be used as preventives, apart from high doses of STEROIDS like DEXAMETHASONE.
2.) MINOCYCLINE IN ACUTE COVID 19:
MINOCYCLINE DID NOT PROVE to be of great utility in the acute treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), unlike the previously mentioned antibiotics.
3.) MINOCYCLINE IN LONG COVID/POST COVID 19:
In the cases called long COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), or POST COVID-19, MINOCYCLINE has proven to be USEFUL, because as described earlier, this "old" antibiotic has been described with NEUROPROTECTIVE, ANTIVIRAL (indirect) and ANTIINFLAMMATORY effects.
4.) PROPOSED MECHANISMS AGAINST THE SARS-CoV-2 VIRUS:
1- ANTIVIRAL indirect: Blocks viral entry via MMP-9, stabilizes endosomal lysosomes.
2.- REDUCES the so-called "CYTOKINE STORM", through an anti-inflammatory mechanism: Inhibits NF-κB, microglia and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α).
3.- NEUROPROTECTIVE: This antibiotic has the property of crossing the blood-brain barrier; that is, it reaches the brain, therefore it is useful in post-COVID FATIGUE; perhaps this is one of its most beneficial effects in the so-called "POST COVID-19".
4.- ANTIBACTERIAL: Protects against secondary superinfections.
These events COINCIDE with what was described about this antibiotic that I have done on several occasions.
5.) CLINICAL EVIDENCE (2025):
1.) In acute COVID: Phase II/III studies (2020-2022): The studies conducted did not show reduction in mortality/hospitalization, in contrast to other alternatives like dexamethasone/remdesivir, therefore the CONCLUSION OF THE WHO/NIH guidelines was NOT RECOMMENDED.
2.) In long COVID:
A.- Study Miwa 2025: Oral minocycline (100-200mg/day) in 19 long COVID patients → 84% improvement in symptoms (fatigue, pain, brain fog) at 4 weeks.
B.- Other pilot studies: Reduction 60-70% chronic fatigue, good safety (nausea 10%).
6.) PROPOSED DOSE AND ADMINISTRATION:
- In long COVID (off-label):
THE PRESENTATION OF MINOCYCLINE IS: 100 mg capsules.
100mg PO 2x/day x 4-8 weeks (200 MG/DAY)
Monitoring: Renal/hepatic function weekly
Contraindications: Pregnancy, lupus, <8 years
7.) APPROVAL STATUS:
Not approved by the FDA, nor EMA (European Commission) for COVID; its approval status remains: only acne, rosacea, rheumatoid arthritis.
Off-label use: only in long COVID with PERSISTENT NEUROINFLAMMATION.
8.) CONCLUSIONS:
As explained in this article and the previously published ones, an antibiotic created more than 50 years ago is still useful not only in ACNE and ROSACEA (main uses), but ANTI-INFLAMMATORY and NEUROPROTECTIVE properties were discovered, and today 2026, it continues to be USEFUL in the described pathologies, including the DEADLY COVID 19, in its long or POST COVID-19 version.
Greetings to all
Dr. José Lapenta.
Dr. José M. Lapenta.
=======================================================================
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS/ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
=======================================================================
D.- Ameliorating Alzheimer's-like Pathology by Minocycline via
Inhibiting Cdk5/p25 Signaling (2022).
=======================================================================
1.) Progression of Lyme disease to Bell's Palsy despite treatment with
doxycycline.
2.) Minocycline as A Substitute for Doxycycline in Targeted Scenarios: A
Systematic Review.
3.) Minocycline in lepromatous leprosy.
4.) Efficacy of minocycline in single dose and at 100 mg twice daily for
lepromatous leprosy.
5.) Field trial on efficacy of supervised monthly dose of 600 mg
rifampin, 400 mg ofloxacin and 100 mg minocycline for the treatment of
leprosy; first results.
plus minocycline, with or without rifampin, against Mycobacterium leprae
in mice and in lepromatous patients.
single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy. Single-lesion Multicentre Trial
Group.
minocycline, with or without ofloxacin, against Mycobacterium leprae in
patients.
9.) Chronic Lyme borreliosis at the root of multiple sclerosis--is a
cure with antibiotics attainable?
10.) In-vitro and in-vivo antibiotic susceptibilities of Lyme disease
Borrelia isolated in China.
11.) Erythema migrans: three weeks treatment for prevention of late Lyme
borreliosis.
12.) No detection of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA in erythema
migrans lesions after minocycline treatment.
13.) Susceptibility of the Lyme disease spirochete to seven
antimicrobial agents.
14.) Antibiotic therapy in early erythema migrans disease and related
disorders.
==================================================================
1.) Progression of Lyme disease to Bell's Palsy despite treatment with
doxycycline.
==================================================================
Int J Infect Dis. 2017 Jul 10. pii: S1201-9712(17)30182-0. doi:
10.1016/j.ijid.2017.07.004. [Epub ahead of print]
Marcos LA1, Yan Z2.
Author information
1
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook
University, Stony Brook, USA. Electronic address:
Luis.marcos@stonybrookmedicine.edu.
2
Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA.
Electronic address: zengmin.yan@stonybrookmedicine.edu.
Abstract
A 54 year-old healthy woman presented to the emergency department with a
right sided facial paralysis. About 3 weeks ago, she woke up and noticed
an attached engorged tick in her right lower extremity. A week later,
she noticed a mild to moderate right jaw pain which progressed to a
severe right facial pain so she visited her doctor. On physical, II to
XII cranial nerve examination was unremarkable. Doppler ultrasound did
not show any vascular abnormalities in temporal artery. Her inflammatory
markers were within normal limits (C-reactive protein:0.3mg/dL;
sedimentation rate:6mm/h). Further brain imaging by MRI reveled no
abnormalities. Lyme serology (antibodies against purified VlsE-1 and
PepC10 antigens) was negative (index value 0.6;≤0.90 negative). Complete
blood count and metabolic panel were within normal limits. Only
objective physical finding was a right erythematous ear canal so the
patient was prescribed a 7-day course of amoxicillin/clavulonic acid.
Two days later, the rash in right leg increase in size. It was described
as 4cm rash circular with erythematous edges, clearing and central
erythema consistent with erythema migrans (EM) (bull's eye). She was
prescribed doxycycline 100mg orally twice a day. Five days later went to
see a neurologist due to worsening right facial shooting pain. Patient
had minimal gastrointestinal side effects from the antibiotic and
continued taking it every 12hours without interruption. Physical exam
revealed face symmetric, numbness in right chin in nerve distribution.
She was diagnosed with possible Lyme cranial neuritis. Doxycycline was
continued and pregabalin was started. On day #10 of doxycycline, she
woke up and noticed that her right face was paralyzed and unable to
close the right eye so she went to the local emergency department. The
EM was improved from 4 to 2cm residual rash. Because of her headaches, a
lumbar puncture and brain MRI were recommended. Cerebrospinal spinal
fluid analysis revealed only 3 WBCs, protein 30.2g/dL, glucose 62mg/L,
Lyme serology pair CSF fluid O.D.=0.114 (borderline), serum Lyme
serology pair O.D.=0.409 (reactive), serum IgM western blot was positive
(bands present: 23 and 41kDa), serum IgG western blot was indeterminate
(bands: 41,58 and 93kDa), CRP remained less than 0.1mg/dL. MRI of brain
showed new increased enhancement involving right facial nerve (Fig. 1).
She was discharged on minocycline 100mg orally twice a day for 21 days.
Two days later, her right side headaches improved significantly. The
facial paralysis completely resolved after 1 week. At 3 months
follow-up, she recovered completely without any complications.
====================================================================
2.) Minocycline as A Substitute for Doxycycline in Targeted Scenarios: A
Systematic Review.
====================================================================
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 25;2(4):ofv178. doi:
10.1093/ofid/ofv178. eCollection 2015 Dec.
Carris NW1, Pardo J2, Montero J3, Shaeer KM4.
Author information
1
Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Clinical Research , University of
South Florida College of Pharmacy ; Departments of Family Medicine.
2
Department of Pharmacy , North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health
System , Gainesville.
3
Internal Medicine , University of South Florida, Morsani College of
Medicine , Tampa.
4
Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Clinical Research , University of
South Florida College of Pharmacy ; Internal Medicine , University of
South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa.
Abstract
Doxycycline, a commonly prescribed tetracycline, remains on intermittent
shortage. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess
minocycline as an alternative to doxycycline in select conditions, given
doxycycline's continued shortage. We identified 19 studies, 10 of which
were published before 2000. Thirteen of the studies were prospective,
but only 1 of these studies was randomized. Based on the available data,
we found minocycline to be a reasonable substitute for doxycycline in
the following scenarios: skin and soft-tissue infections and outpatient
treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in young, otherwise healthy
patients or in patients with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
as well as Lyme disease prophylaxis and select rickettsial disease
should doxycycline be unavailable.
====================================================================
3.) Minocycline in lepromatous leprosy.
=============================================
Author
Fajardo TT Jr; Villahermosa LG; dela Cruz EC; Abalos RM; Franzblau SG;
Walsh GP
Address
Clinical Research Branch, Leonard Wood Memorial Center, Cebu City, The
Philippines.
Source
Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 63(1):8-17 1995 Mar
Abstract
Twelve patients were treated with three dose levels of minocycline for
30 days, primarily to detect the dose-related effects on Mycobacterium
leprae viability, followed by another 5 months of daily minocycline for
overall efficacy and persistence of clinical and antibacterial effects.
Subsequently, the patients were given standard WHO/MDT chemotherapy for
multibacillary leprosy. Clinical improvement was recognizable during the
first month, occurring much earlier among those on minocycline 200 mg
daily than those who received minocycline 100 mg daily. A similar change
also was observed in one patient 11 days after three daily doses of 100
mg of minocycline. At the end of 6 months, all patients were clinically
improved with a slight reduction in the average bacterial index (BI) and
logarithmic index of bacilli in biopsy (LIB). The effects of minocycline
on viability by mouse foot pad inoculation and palmitic acid oxidation
assays were noted beginning at 10 to 14 days of daily dosing and
becoming more definite after 30 days of treatment. Both tests correlated
fairly well. Doses of 200 mg daily did not appear to be more efficient
than minocycline 100 daily. Phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) antigen
determinations done on some patients during the first month remained
positive and did not correlate with changes in viability results. At the
end of 6 months, after 5 months of 100 mg of
minocycline monotherapy, no viable organisms could be demonstrated by
mouse foot pad inoculation and palmitic acid oxidation assays; assays
for PGL-I antigen were all negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
===================================================
4.) Efficacy of minocycline in single dose and at 100 mg twice daily for
lepromatous leprosy.
===================================================
Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis (United States), Dec 1994, 62(4) p568-73
AUTHOR(S): Gelber RH; Murray LP; Siu P; Tsang M; Rea TH
AUTHOR'S ADDRESS: San Francisco Regional Hansen's Disease Program, CA
94115.
PUBLICATION TYPE: CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ABSTRACT:
A clinical trial of minocycline in a total of 10 patients with
previously untreated lepromatous leprosy was conducted in order to
evaluate the efficacy of a single, initial, 200-mg dose and 100 mg twice
daily of minocycline for a total duration of up to 3 months. Patients
improved remarkably quickly. Although single-dose therapy did not result
in a significant killing of Mycobacterium leprae, viable M. leprae were
cleared from the dermis regularly by 3 months of twice-daily therapy, a
rate similar to that achieved by minocycline 100 mg once daily. Because
more side effects were noted herein than previously with 100 mg daily,
we recommend that minocycline, when applied, be administered at 100 mg
daily to leprosy patients.
===================================================
5.) Field trial on efficacy of supervised monthly dose of 600 mg
rifampin, 400 mg ofloxacin and 100 mg minocycline for the treatment of
leprosy; first results.
===================================================
Author
Mane I; Cartel JL; Grosset JH
Address
Institut de Leprologie Appliquee, Dakar CD Annexe, Senegal.
Source
Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 65(2):224-9 1997 Jun
Abstract
In 1995, a field trial was implemented in Senegal in order to evaluate
the efficacy of a regimen based on the monthly supervised intake of
rifampin 600 mg, ofloxacin 400 mg and minocycline 100 mg to treat
leprosy. During the first year of the trial, 220 patients with active
leprosy (newly
detected or relapsing after dapsone monotherapy) were recruited: 102
paucibacillary (PB) (60 males and 42 females) and 118 multibacillary
(MB) (71 males and 47 females). All of them accepted the new treatment
(none requested to be preferably put under standard WHO/MDT), no
clinical sign which could be considered as a toxic effect of the drug
was noted, and none of the patients refused to continue treatment
because of any clinical trouble. The compliance was excellent: the 113
patients (PB and MB) detected during the first 6 months of the trial
have taken six monthly doses in 6 months, as planned. The rate of
clearance and the progressive decrease of cutaneous lesions was
satisfactory. Although it is too soon to give comprehensive results, it
should be noted that no treatment failure was observed in the 56 PB
patients who have completed treatment and have been followed up for 6
months. The long-term efficacy of the new regimen is to be evaluated on
the rate of relapse during the years following the
cessation of treatment. If that relapse rate is acceptable (similar to
that observed in patients after treatment with current standard WHO/
MDT), the new regimen could be a solution to treat, for instance,
patients very irregular and/or living in remote or inaccessible areas
since no selection of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium leprae should be
possible (a monthly dose of ofloxacin and minocycline being as effective
as a dose of dapsone and clofazimine taken daily for 1 month).
Nevertheless, until longer term results of this and other trials become
available, there is no justification for any change in the treatment
strategy, and all leprosy patients should be put under standard WHO/MDT.
====================================================
6.) Bactericidal activity of a single-dose combination of ofloxacin plus minocycline, with or without rifampin, against Mycobacterium leprae in mice and in lepromatous patients.
6.) Bactericidal activity of a single-dose combination of ofloxacin plus minocycline, with or without rifampin, against Mycobacterium leprae in mice and in lepromatous patients.
====================================================
Author
Ji B; Sow S; Perani E; Lienhardt C; Diderot V; Grosset J
Address
Facult´e de M´edecine Piti´e-Salp^etri`ere, Paris, France.
bacterio@biomath.jussieu.fr
Source
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 42(5):1115-20 1998 May
Abstract
To develop a fully supervisable, monthly administered regimen for
treatment of leprosy, the bactericidal effect of a single-dose
combination of ofloxacin (OFLO) and minocycline (MINO), with or without
rifampin (RMP), against Mycobacterium leprae was studied in the mouse
footpad system and in previously untreated lepromatous leprosy patients.
Bactericidal activity was measured by the proportional bactericidal
method. In mouse experiments, the activity of a single dose of the
combination OFLO-MINO was dosage related; the higher dosage of the
combination displayed bactericidal activity which was significantly
inferior to that of a single dose of RMP, whereas the lower dosage did
not exhibit a bactericidal effect. In the clinical trial, 20 patients
with previously untreated lepromatous leprosy were treated with a single
dose consisting of either 600 mg of RMP plus 400 mg of OFLO and 100 mg
of MINO or 400 mg of OFLO plus 100 mg of MINO. The OFLO-MINO combination
exhibited definite bactericidal activity in 7 of 10 patients but was
less bactericidal than the RMP-OFLO-MINO combination. Both combinations
were well tolerated. Because of these promising results, a test of the
efficacy of multiple doses of ROM in a larger clinical trial appears
justified.
====================================================
7.)Efficacy of single dose multidrug therapy for the treatment of single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy. Single-lesion Multicentre Trial Group.
7.)Efficacy of single dose multidrug therapy for the treatment of single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy. Single-lesion Multicentre Trial Group.
====================================================
Source
Indian J Lepr, 69(2):121-9 1997 Apr-Jun
Abstract
A multicentre double-blind controlled clinical trial was carried out to
compare the efficacy of a combination of rifampicin 600 mg plus
ofloxacin 400 mg plus minocycline 100 mg (ROM) administered as single
dose with that of the standard six-month WHO/MDT/PB regimen. The
subjects included 1483 cases with one skin lesion who were previously
untreated, were smear-negative, and had no evidence of peripheral nerve
trunk involvement, and they were randomly divided into study and control
groups. The total duration of the study from the day of intake was 18
months, and 1381 patients completed study. Only 12 patients were
categorized as treatment
failure and no difference was observed between the two regimens.
Occurrence of mild side-effects and leprosy reactions were minimal (less
than 1%) in both groups. This study showed that ROM is almost as
effective as the standard WHO/MDT/PB in the treatment of single lesion
PB leprosy.
====================================================
8.) Bactericidal activity of single dose of clarithromycin plus minocycline, with or without ofloxacin, against Mycobacterium leprae in patients.
8.) Bactericidal activity of single dose of clarithromycin plus minocycline, with or without ofloxacin, against Mycobacterium leprae in patients.
====================================================
Author
Ji B; Jamet P; Perani EG; Sow S; Lienhardt C; Petinon C; Grosset JH
Address
Facult´e de M´edecine Piti´e-Salp^etri`ere, Paris, France.
Source
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 40(9):2137-41 1996 Sep
Abstract
Fifty patients with newly diagnosed lepromatous leprosy were allocated
randomly to one of five groups and treated with either a month-long
standard regimen of multidrug therapy (MDT) for multibacillary leprosy,
a single dose of 600 mg of rifampin, a month-long regimen with the
dapsone (DDS) and clofazimine (CLO) components of the standard MDT, or a
single dose of 2,000 mg of clarithromycin (CLARI) plus 200 mg of
minocycline (MINO), with or without the addition of 800 mg of ofloxacin
(OFLO). At the end of 1 month, clinical improvement accompanied by
significant decreases of morphological indexes in skin smears was
observed in about half of the patients of each group. A significant
bactericidal effect was demonstrated
in the great majority of patients in all five groups by inoculating the
footpads of mice with organisms recovered from biopsy samples obtained
before and after treatment. Rifampin proved to be a bactericidal drug
against Mycobacterium leprae more potent than any combination of the
other drugs. A single dose of CLARI-MINO, with or without OFLO,
displayed a
degree of bactericidal activity similar to that of a regimen daily of
doses of DDS-CLO for 1 month, suggesting that it may be possible to
replace the DDS and CLO components of the MDT with a monthly dose of
CLARI-MINO, with or without OFLO. However, gastrointestinal adverse
events were quite frequent among patients treated with CLARI-MINO, with
or without OFLO, and
may be attributed to the higher dosage of CLARI or MINO or to the
combination of CLARI-MINO plus OFLO. In future trials, therefore, we
propose to reduce the dosages of the drugs to 1,000 mg of CLARI, 100 mg
of MINO, and 400 mg of OFLO.
=====================================================================
9.) Chronic Lyme borreliosis at the root of multiple sclerosis--is a
cure with antibiotics attainable?
=====================================================================
Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(3):438-48.
Fritzsche M1.
Author information
1
Clinic for Internal and Geographical Medicine, Soodstrasse 13, 8134
Adliswil, Switzerland. markus.fritzsche@gmx.ch
Abstract
Apart from its devastating impact on individuals and their families,
multiple sclerosis (MS) creates a huge economic burden for society by
mainly afflicting young adults in their most productive years. Although
effective strategies for symptom management and disease modifying
therapies have evolved, there exists no curative treatment yet.
Worldwide, MS prevalence parallels the distribution of the Lyme disease
pathogen Borrelia (B.) burgdorferi, and in America and Europe, the birth
excesses of those individuals who later in life develop MS exactly
mirror the seasonal distributions of Borrelia transmitting Ixodes ticks.
In addition to known acute infections, no other disease exhibits equally
marked epidemiological clusters by season and locality, nurturing the
hope that prevention might ultimately be attainable. As minocycline,
tinidazole and hydroxychloroquine are reportedly capable of destroying
both the spirochaetal and cystic L-form of B. burgdorferi found in MS
brains, there emerges also new hope for those already afflicted. The
immunomodulating anti-inflammatory potential of minocycline and
hydroxychloroquine may furthermore reduce the Jarisch Herxheimer
reaction triggered by decaying Borrelia at treatment initiation. Even in
those cases unrelated to B. burgdorferi, minocycline is known for its
beneficial effect on several factors considered to be detrimental in MS.
Patients receiving a combination of these pharmaceuticals are thus
expected to be cured or to have a longer period of remission compared to
untreated controls. Although the goal of this rational, cost-effective
and potentially curative treatment seems simple enough, the importance
of a scientifically sound approach cannot be overemphasised. A
randomised, prospective, double blinded trial is necessary in patients
from B. burgdorferi endemic areas with established MS and/or Borrelia
L-forms in their cerebrospinal fluid, and to yield reasonable
significance within due time, the groups must be large enough and
preferably taken together in a multi-centre study.
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10.) In-vitro and in-vivo antibiotic susceptibilities of Lyme disease
Borrelia isolated in China.
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J Infect Chemother. 2000 Mar;6(1):65-7.
Li M1, Masuzawa T, Wang J, Kawabata M, Yanagihara Y.
Author information
1
International Center for Medical Research, Kobe University School of
Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650, Japan.
muqingl@kobe-u.ac.jp
Abstract
The antibiotic susceptibilities of seven Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
isolates from Ixodes persulcatus in China were examined by in-vitro
microdilution minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and macrodilution
minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. All isolates tested
were susceptible to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and minocycline. The MICs
of these drugs for the Chinese isolates were 0.025-0.1 microg/ml,
<0.012-0.05 microg/ml, and <0.012-0.05 microg/ml, respectively.
The MBCs were 0.1-0.39 microg/ml, <0.012-0.2 microg/ml, and
0.025-0.39 microg/ml, respectively. The in-vivo antimicrobial
susceptibilities of the Chinese Borrelia isolates to two test drugs,
amoxicillin and minocycline, were evaluated using ddY mice. Mice were
infected by subcutaneous inoculation into the right hind footpad. When
infection was confirmed, the mice were treated by subcutaneous injection
of the test drugs into the back. Amoxicillin and minocycline, which
possessed high in-vitro activities against Lyme disease Borrelia,
provided good protection against borreliosis in this animal model.
Higher doses of these drugs resulted in elimination of the Lyme disease
spirochete from all animals receiving this course of treatment. The 50%
curative doses (CD50) of amoxicillin and minocycline were 8.7 mg/kg and
3.1 mg/kg, respectively. This suggested that amoxicillin and minocycline
could be useful for the treatment of Chinese Borrelia infection.
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11.) Erythema migrans: three weeks treatment for prevention of late Lyme
borreliosis.
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Infection. 1996 Jan-Feb;24(1):69-72.
Breier F1, Kunz G, Klade H, Stanek G, Aberer E.
Author information
1
Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie, Wien, Austria.
Abstract
An open, randomized, prospective study was carried out to compare the
clinical efficacy and safety of phenoxymethylpenicillin with that of
minocycline in the treatment of erythema migrans. Sixty patients
(minocycline 30, penicillin 30) were enrolled in the study. The two
groups of patients were statistically homogeneous regarding age and sex
distribution. IgG and IgM antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi were
determined by ELISA before and after treatment and 1 year thereafter.
Thirty-nine patients completed the study. All these patients (penicillin
21, minocycline 18) who received a 21-day course of treatment were free
of clinical symptoms of late Lyme borreliosis after 1 year. Serum
antibodies against B. burgdorferi could be detected before treatment in
6/21 patients treated with penicillin and 3/18 patients treated with
minocycline. After 1 year 8/39 patients were seropositive without any
evidence of ongoing disease. In the remaining 21 patients treatment
could not be completed with the initial antibiotic due to side effects
(penicillin 9/30, minocycline 12/30). One patient, who stopped
penicillin treatment at day 14 and one patient who stopped minocycline
at day 4, developed fatigue and memory impairment within the observation
period. A 3-week course of treatment with penicillin or minocycline is
equally effective in treating patients with erythema migrans and
preventing late symptoms of Lyme borreliosis.
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12.) No detection of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA in erythema
migrans lesions after minocycline treatment.
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Arch Dermatol. 1995 Jun;131(6):678-82.
Muellegger RR1, Zoechling N, Soyer HP, Hoedl S, Wienecke R, Volkenandt
M, Kerl H.
Author information
1
Department of Dermatology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND DESIGN:
Early treatment of erythema migrans is important to prevent late
complications. Minocycline possesses several attributes, making it
potentially useful in the treatment of borrelial infections. In our
study, minocycline was administered to 14 patients with erythema
migrans. Punch biopsy specimens were obtained from the (affected) skin
of all patients before and after therapy. The formalin-fixed,
paraffin-embedded specimens were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction
for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA.
RESULTS:
Polymerase chain reaction assay succeeded in amplifying B
burgdorferi-specific DNA from the first biopsy specimen, obtained from
the border of erythema migrans before initiating treatment, in eight
(57%) of 14 patients. At the end of minocycline therapy, however,
polymerase chain reaction analysis disclosed no B burgdorferi-specific
DNA in any of the 14 patients. The good clinical response of our
patients with erythema migrans substantiates our molecular findings.
CONCLUSIONS:
The presented polymerase chain reaction data, together with the clinical
outcome, indicate that minocycline may be useful for treatment of early
Lyme borreliosis.
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13.) Susceptibility of the Lyme disease spirochete to seven
antimicrobial agents.
=====================================================================
Yale J Biol Med. 1984 Jul-Aug;57(4):549-53.
Johnson SE, Klein GC, Schmid GP, Feeley JC.
Abstract
The antimicrobial susceptibility of five Lyme disease spirochete strains
(two human and three tick isolates) was determined. A macrodilution
broth technique was used to determine on three separate test occasions
the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of seven antibiotics. The
Lyme disease spirochete was most susceptible to erythromycin with a MIC
of less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. The spirochete was also
found to be susceptible to minocycline, ampicillin, doxycycline, and
tetracycline-HCL with respective mean MICs of less than or equal to
0.13, less than or equal to 0.25, less than or equal to 0.63, and less
than or equal to 0.79 micrograms/ml. The spirochete was moderately
susceptible to penicillin G with a mean MIC of 0.93 micrograms/ml. All
strains were resistant to rifampin at the highest concentration tested
(16.0 micrograms/ml).
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14.) Antibiotic therapy in early erythema migrans disease and related
disorders.
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Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1987 Feb;263(3):377-88.
Weber K, Neubert U, Thurmayr R.
Abstract
Between December 1978 and July 1985, we used various antibiotics for the
treatment of 97 adult patients with early erythema migrans disease
(EMD). Six patients with borrelial lymphocytoma (BL) and 20 with
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) were treated similarly.
Follow-up was for a median of 20, 14, and 12 months, respectively. The
erythema migrans and all associated symptoms resolved within a median of
3 weeks (0.5-18.4), BL within 7 weeks (4-16), and ACA partly or
completely within several months. A Jarisch-Herxheimer (-like) reaction
was observed in 8 patients with EMD. Fourteen patients with EMD and one
with ACA developed an exacerbation of symptoms or new manifestations
between the 2nd and 20th day, and 28 patients with EMD and one with ACA
continued to have or acquired various symptoms greater than or equal to
3 weeks after initiation of therapy. Arthralgia, neurologic and
constitutional symptoms, and in one instance a slight pulmonary
interstitial edema developed in EMD. More severe initial illness was a
risk factor for the development of later symptoms in EMD. Retreatment
was more often necessary in ACA than in EMD. A patient with ACA had a
recurrence after 5 1/2 years. IgG antibody titers rose at least fourfold
in 5 patients with ACA and in 1 with EMD despite therapy. We tentatively
recommend minocycline or high doses of parenteral penicillin for the
treatment of these disorders.
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